Lecture 19 Flashcards
These receptors in the CRTZ induce vomiting
Dopamine
Emetics should not be used in animals that are…
Seizures/coma patients, patients with depressed pharyngeal reflexes, patients in shock and dyspnea, patients that ingested caustic substances, or animals that don’t normally vomit (horses and rabbits)
Centrally acting
Those acting on the CRTZ or emetic center
Locally acting
Those that act on peripheral receptors at the GI tract
Examples of centrally acting agents
Apomorphine and Xylazine (Alpha 2 agonist)
This is the emetic of choice in cats
Xylazine: alpha 2 agonist
This is the drug of choice to induce vomiting in dogs
Apomorphine
This drug comes as an injectable or tablet; the tablet can be dissolved in saline and put into the conjunctival sac and must be washed with sterile saline after vomiting
Apomorphine
The reversal agent for Xylazine
Yohimbine (Yobine®️) or Atiparmezole (Antisedan®️)
Antiemetics
Drugs that are used to prevent/control vomiting by blocking dopamine receptors, centrally in the CRTZ, emeti center, and peripherally
Examples of antiemetics
Phenothiazines and Maropitant (Cerenia®️)
Examples of Phenothizines
Chlorpromazine, Prochlorperazine
Trade name for Metoclopramide
Reglan®️
Metoclopramide is _____ acting and should not be used with __ _____
Centrally; GI blockage
Examples of anihistamines
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl®️) and Dramamine®️
Maropitant is an antiemetic used for…
Motion sickness
Where are H2 receptors located?
In the stomach
HCL is produced when…
H2 receptors are stimulated by histamine binding
Where are gastric parietal cells located?
In the lining of the stomach
Gastric parietal cells produce…
Hydrochloric acid
Job of H2 blockers
To stop the production of HCL and decrease acid production
Examples of H2 blockers
Cimetidine (Tagamet®️), Rahitidine (Zantac®️), and Famotidine (Pepsid®️)
One example of proton pump inhibitors
Omeprazole (Prilosec®️)
Job of Omeprazole
Binds to the proton pump and stops acid formation by stopping hydrogen molecules from going to the stomach
This is the drug of choice for antidiarrheals and also is a controlled Class V drug
Lomotil
Antibiotics that are used as antidiarrheals
Metronidazole (Flagyl®️) and Tylosin
Examples of GI protectants
Sucranlfate (Carafate®️) and Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto Bismol®️)
