Lecture 18: Reproductive Systems

Question 1

Draw the basic reproductive models

Answer 1

Asexual or Sexual, which branches off from sexual to dioecious or hermaphrodite, from hermaphrodite we get cross-fertilization or self-fertilization

Question 2

Sexual reproduction

Answer 2

2 parents are involved in mating
Meiotic reproductive division
Fusion of gametes

Question 3

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 3

Contribution from 1 parent
No meiotic division
Offspring is a clone

Question 4

List the cost and benefits of sex

Answer 4

Its time and energy consuming to find a mate
Increased energetic cost risk of predation
Break up of adaptive gene combination, leading to segregation or recombination

Question 5

Hypotheses for advantages of sex

Answer 5

Bring together favorable mutations and eliminate harmful mutations

Question 6

Asexuality by parthenogenesis

Answer 6

Sporadically distributed and more common in invertebrates

Question 7

Asexuality by clonal propagation

Answer 7

Common in plants and exclusive asexual

Question 8

Why do asexual organisms exhibit higher extinction and low chance of persistence

Answer 8

Because of low genetic variation and accumulation of deleterious mutations

Question 9

Self-Fertilization

Answer 9

Mating with yourself that includes meiotic division

Question 10

Inbreeding Avoidance traits in plants

Answer 10

Time offsetting and self-incompatibility

Question 11

Inbreeding Avoidance Traits in Animals

Answer 11

Delayed maturation
Dispersal
Kin recognition and avoidance

Question 12

Effects of inbreeding

Answer 12

Increase in homozygosity.
Doesn’t change allele frequency

Question 13

Inbreeding Depression

Answer 13

Reduction of inbred offspring compared to outcrossed offspring