Lecture 17: Hepatitis Virus Flashcards
Which 2 hepatitis viruses provide immunity to one preventing infection with the other?
HBV and HDV
What is hepatitis?
An inflammation of the liver that can be caused by infections and by other means.
Causes: Viruses, drugs, and auto immunity
True or False? Over 4 million carriers of hepatitis viruses, HBV and HDV exist in the US and many are unaware of their carrier status
False! HBV and HCV
HCV causes more deaths than HBV?
Yes, 12,000 (HCV) and 3,000 (HBV)
-Worldwide 1.5 million die each year
What two hepatitis viruses cause mild acute disease, but can lead to carrier status, chronic liver damage, and liver carcinoma
HBV and HCV
What is the result of liver damage?
1) increase in plasma transminase (SGOT)
2) Increase in Bilirubin –> Jaundice and 75% non-jaundiced = Anicteric
Which two hepatitis viruses are stable, Non-Enveloped and transmitted via Fecal/oral?
HAV and HEV
Which viruses that cause hepatitis are enveloped and unstable?
HBV, HCV, HDV
Where do hepatitis viruses replicate?
in hepatocytes and can initiate their destruction
Which hepatitis viruses are DNA and which are RNA?
DNA= HBV
RNA= HAV, HCV, HDV (incomplete RNA virus), HEV
How are HBV, HCV, and HDV transmitted?
Through exchange of “Percutaneous, permucosal “ AKA bodily fluids (Blood, semen, saliva, mother’s milk, etc)
***Less hardy they have envelope and will easily dry out.
Which hepatitis viruses cause chronic infection?
B, C, and D
Which hepatitis viruses cause acute infection?
A and E
Which hepatitis viruses require clean blood supply for prevention?
B, C, D
What is the primary measure for prevention of hepatitis B?
1) immunization
2) Pre-exposure prophylaxis with hepatitis BN vaccine or post exposure prophylaxis with hep B immuno globulin (HBIG) and hepatitis B vaccine—-> This will also PREVENT HDV infection.
Are there products to prevent hep C?
No, but primary strategies are blood donor screening and risk behavior modification.
In persons who are chronically infected with HBV what can be done to prevent HDV superinfection?
risk behavior modification is primary measure
Is there specific products available for prevention of Hep E?
No, primary measure to prevent disease is to ensure the safety of drinking water as well as sanitation procedures.
Which hepatitis viruses can lead to chronic infections and persons that become carriers capable of further spreading these infections.
a substantial percentage of HBV, HCV, and HDV
Which hepatitis virus is very rare in the USA, is relatively common is some “developing” countries, where it takes a substantial toll among pregnant women
HEV ( about 20-25 % fatality)
What are some characteristics of Hep A ?
- RNA Picornavirus
- Noneveloped (sturdy)
- fecal oral transmission
- single serotype worldwide (1 major strain)
- no chronic infection; acute and asymptomatic !!!!!!
- protective antibodies develop in response to infection = lifelong immunity
- vaccine (inactivated) available since 1996
Which two viruses are similar in pathology?
HAV and HEV are similar and primarily cause diseases in the developing world.
- Can lead to jaundice (about 2 weeks)
- Both are spread via fecal-oral.
- Outbreak is due to contaminated food and water because of undercooked shellfish and daycare centers.
- Can be also spread from mucosa –>mucosal contact & Blood–>Iv transfer.
What is the treatment of HAV?
- Treat with pooled IgG
- vaccine available
- no carriers
Characteristic of Hep B
-DNA hepadnaviridae
-Enveloped (unsturdy)
-Transmission
1) Sexual 2) Parenteral 3) Perinatal
- single serotype worldwide
-Acute disease and asymptomatic infection (90%)
-Chronic infection 10 %
-Protective antibodies develop = lifetime immunity
-Vaccine (inactivated) available since 1981
or if you make Abs you are protected.
