Lecture 17- Contraception

Question 1

Hormonal contraceptions:

Answer 1

1. Combination estrogen/progesterone pills
2. Progestin only pills
3. Progestin implants
4. Progestin injections
5. Vaginal rings
6. IUD’s

Question 2

What are estrogen/progesterone pills and how are they used as a hormonal contraceptive?

Answer 2

This is used to keep GNRH low → keeps FSH low so we don’t get follicular development → low LH = no ovulation

Question 3

What is a progestin-only pill and how does it work as a hormonal contraceptive?

Answer 3

• Take this pill everyday at the same time. Blocks ovulation 50% of the time.
• Makes the cervical mucus more hostile towards sperm. Basically an upgrade to normal cervical mucus. Also keeps the endometrum thin.

Question 4

What is a intrauterine device (IUD) and how does it act as a physical contraceptive?

Answer 4

Flexible piece of plastic insterted into the uterus and is coated with copper or progestin.

Again, progestin would block ovulation 50% of the time, make cervical mucus more hostile towards sperm, and keep the endometrium thin.

Question 5

What are spermicides and how are they a physical contraceptive?

Answer 5

It kills sperm.

Question 6

If you are using the natural(rhythm) method of ovulation when should you avoid coitus?

Answer 6

It is safe to have coitus after ovulation. DO NOT HAVE COITUS BEFORE OVULATION BEFORE THE LH SURGE.

Question 7

Surgical contraception: Tubal sterilization.

Answer 7

Oviduct is surgically closed so the sperm can not enter.

Question 8

Surgical contrception: vascetomy

Answer 8

• Vas deferens are surgically cut and blocked so no sperm can enter the urethra.
• Takes 15 ejaculations to have low sperm counts because men have sperm stored in the ampulla that can be used to fertilze a ovum.

Question 9

Surgical contraception: hystercemtomy

Answer 9

• Surgical removal of the uterus
• major surgery with all it’s complications
• Actually impossible to become pregnant with no uterus.