Lecture 17

Question 1

maltose

Answer 1

glucose + glucose

Question 2

sucrose

Answer 2

glucose + fructose

Question 3

lactose

Answer 3

glucose + galactose

Question 4

Deficiency in lactase

Answer 4

causes lactose intolerance

Question 5

Glucose and galactose are absorbed by

Answer 5

active transport

Question 6

Fructose is absorbed by

Answer 6

facilitated transport

Question 7

Peptide and Amino Acid Transport step 1

Answer 7

Proteins broken down into
smaller peptides

Question 8

Peptide and Amino Acid Transport step 2

Answer 8

Epithelial cells secrete
peptidases to break down
larger peptides into
individual amino acids

Question 9

Peptide and Amino Acid Transport step 3

Answer 9

Transported throughout the body via the bloodstream in order to produce energy (in
liver) or protein synthesis

Question 10

lipid digestion

Answer 10

Emulsifying fat – making fat soluble with bile

Question 11

Bile salts are

Answer 11

Amphipathic:
Hydrophilic AND lipophilic, like a soap or detergent

Question 12

lipase

Answer 12

breaks down fats

Question 13

Lipid Absorption and Transport step 1

Answer 13

absorbed as fatty acids
and monoglyceride

Question 14

Lipid Absorption and Transport step 2

Answer 14

Reassembled into
triglycerides and packaged
as chylomicrons (a type of
lipoprotein)

Question 15

lipid absorption and transport step 3

Answer 15

Chylomicrons are too large
to cross capillary wall …
first absorbed into lymphatic system

Question 16

lipid absorption and transport step 4

Answer 16

Will re-enter circulation via
thoracic duct near the heart

Question 17

Large Intestinal phase of digestion and absorption includes

Answer 17

any unabsorbed nutrients, hormones + chem messengers, soluble fibers (prebiotic), insoluble fiber (bulking agent), microbes (probiotics and other), cellular debris, excretion products from the liver

Question 18

what comes from the ileum (ileocecal valve)

Answer 18

ileal chyme (chemical and particle rich liquid)

Question 19

what happens in the large intestine (cecum + colon) step 1

Answer 19

the colonic epithelium absorbs water and simple ions (sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium)

Question 20

what happens in the large intestine (cecum + colon) step 2

Answer 20

resident microbes digest and absorb what chemicals they can (prebiotics) in a process called fermentation. Short chain fatty acids are produced as end products of fermentation

Question 21

what happens in the large intestine (cecum + colon) step 3

Answer 21

resident microbes produce some vitamins (K, some B) as by products of their metabolism. Some end products can have hormone-like activity

Question 22

what happens in the large intestine (cecum + colon) step 4

Answer 22

resident microbes produce gases during their digestion and consumption of ileal chyme. (methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide)

Question 23

what happens in the large intestine (cecum + colon) step 5

Answer 23

newly arriving live microbes (probiotic or other) seek to get a foothold in the microbial ecosystem and multiply

Question 24

hedonic hunger or eating

Answer 24

“the drive to eat to obtain pleasure in the
absence of an energy deficit.”

Question 25

homeostatic hunger or eating

Answer 25

increased motivation to eat following depletion of energy stores