lecture

Question 1

Is the cell membrane a fluid or a solid?

Answer 1

fluid

Question 2

describe the cell membrane

Answer 2

contains the lipid bilayer
covers the cell
also referred to as the plasma membrane

Question 3

How thick is the plasma membrane

Answer 3

7-10 nm thick

Question 4

The cell membrane is composed of how many percentage of Protein, Carbohydrates, and Lipids?

Answer 4

55 protein
3 carbohydrate
42 Lipid

Question 5

Explain the amphipathic structure of a phospholipid

Answer 5

Contains a hydrophilic glycerol head facing the Intracellular membrane and extracellular
and two fatty acid tails

Question 6

Fluid inside of a cell

Answer 6

Intracellular fluid

Question 7

Process of attaching sugars
Post-translational modification found in mitosis and meiosis

Answer 7

Glycosylation

Question 8

Two types of Glycosylation

Answer 8

N-Glycosylation
O-Glycosylation

Question 9

Interstitial: Supports, surrounds, the cell: 75 percent of fluid in the body
Intravascular: Blood plasma : 25 percent of the body
Transmembrane fluid: synovial fluid, ocular fluid, Cerebrospinal fluid (backbone fluid)

Answer 9

Extracellular fluid

Question 10

OLIGOSACCHARIDES LINKED TO THE NITROGEN ATOM ON AN ASPARAGINE

Answer 10

N-Glycosylation

Question 11

OLIGOSACCHARIDES ARE LINKED TO OXYGEN L, TYPICALLY ON SERINE OR THREONINE OR THREONINE RESIDUE

Answer 11

O-Glycosylation

Question 12

Integral funvtiom of the cell membrane and cell walls

Answer 12

Structure

Question 13

IMPORTANT ROLES OF GLYCOPROTEINS

Answer 13

CELL MEMBRANES
TISSUE STRENGTH
PLANT GRAVITY RESISTANCE (It’s why despite how tall a plant is, it doesn’t topple over)
IMMUNE RESPONSE IN BLOOD VESSELS
BRAIN FUNCTION
BLOOD CLOTTING
BLOOD TYPE IDENTIFICATION
REPRODUCTION
MUCUS PRODUCTION
IMMUNEE SYSTEM SUPPORT
SKIN HEALTH

Question 14

This protein is Embedded: found deeply in the phospholipid bilayer
Spanned: it is found in the entire cell membrane

Answer 14

Embedded: found deeply in the phospholipid bilayer
Spanned: it is found in the entire cell membrane

Question 15

Type of integral proteins

Answer 15

Alpha Helix
Helical bundle
Beta barrel

Question 16

Example of beta barrel

Answer 16

Small ions
Chain sa fatty acid
OmpA - small iron channel
OmpT - Protease
NalP - auto transporter
FadL - long fatty acid chain transporter
PhoE - defusion pore
ScrY - Sucrose specific porin
OmpiA - Phospholipase (Integral protein)

Question 17

Alpha helix sample

Answer 17

Myoglobin
Hemoglobin

Question 18

Present in one side
Hormone receptors
Cell membrane antigens
Does not like to stick inside the membrane. It’s just outside. repeat: it’s only found in ONE side.
Only one percent of the membrane is Peripheral
They are transport assistants to integral protein.

Answer 18

Peripheral protein

Question 19

Protein for extracellular electron pathway

Answer 19

Cytochrome C

Question 20

An electron transfer shuttle (The bus that electron rides on)

Answer 20

Cupredoxins

Question 21

Iron sulfur protein.
Also an electron transfer in photosynthetic bacteria

Answer 21

High Potential Iron Protein

HIPIPPPP

Question 22

Receives an electron coming from NADPH (NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE) In the Calvin cycle

Answer 22

Adrenodoxin Reductase

Question 23

example of how proteins work as a channel for Ions:

Answer 23

Bioelectric- Voltage-gated

Ligand-Gated : Opens and closes because a binding has occurs

Question 24

Macromolecules in cells include

Answer 24

Proteins

Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Question 25

are monosaccharides Contain C, H, O, in 1:2:1 ratio Ex: glucose, galactose, etc. Ex: C6H12O6

Answer 25

Monomers

Question 26

All have hydrophobic regions but many are amphipathic Not a true macromolecule

Answer 26

Lipids

Question 27

Lipids are not true macromolecules because

Answer 27

they don’t undergo polymerization.

Question 28

do most of the jobs in cells: Antibodies Enzymes Carry oxygen Transporters Structure (cell cytoskeleton) and many, many more…

Answer 28

Proteins

Question 29

1 protein strand

Answer 29

peptide

Question 30

Four building blocks in DNA

Answer 30

Adenine Cytosine Guanine Thymine

Question 30

twenty amino acids

Answer 30

Alanine (A) Arginine (R) Aspartate (D) Asparagine (N) Cysteine (C) Glycine (G) Glutamate (E) Glutamine(Q) Histidine (H) Isoleucine (I) Leucine (L) Lysine (K) Methionine (M) Phenylalanine (F) Proline (P) Serine (S) Threonine (T) Tryptophan (W) Tyrosine (Y) Valine (V)

Question 31

multiple protein strands

Answer 31

polypeptide

Question 32

Four building blocks in RNA

Answer 32

Adenine Cytosine Guanine Uracil

Question 33

Nucleic acid monomers (Nucleotides)

Answer 33

Sugar —Deoxyribose, Ribose Phosphate Nitrogenous base

Question 34

Bonds in Nucleic Acid

Answer 34

Phosphodiester bond

Question 35

Process of combining monomers

Answer 35

polymerization Less energy consuming, but does a lot (na ol)

Question 36

Chemical reactions in cells:

Answer 36

Metabolism -Anabolism -Catabolism

Question 37

joining molecules to make a bigger molecule by removing water

Answer 37

Dehydration synthesis

Question 38

Four Macromolecules, but three go through polymerization

Answer 38

Carbohydrate, Protein, and Nucleic Acids

Question 39

ALL the chemical reactions that happen in cells

Answer 39

Metabolism

Question 40

Chemical reactions can _____ molecules together.

Answer 40

join or break

Question 41

Carbohydrates are joined together by

Answer 41

glycosidic bonds

Question 42

is the movement of small particles across a selectively permeable membrane like the cell membrane until equilibrium is reached. These particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Answer 42

Diffusion

Question 43

is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane like the cell membrane Water diffuses across a membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Answer 43

Osmosis

Question 44

is the movement of larger molecules like glucose through the cell membrane – larger molecules must be “helped”

Answer 44

channels

Question 45

Proteins that form channels (pores) are called

Answer 45

protein channels

Question 46

For such cases Nature has evolved a special class of membrane proteins called ------------ that allow water to pass through the membrane at a very high rate.

Answer 46

aquaporins