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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Is the cell membrane a fluid or a solid?

A

fluid

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2
Q

describe the cell membrane

A

contains the lipid bilayer
covers the cell
also referred to as the plasma membrane

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3
Q

How thick is the plasma membrane

A

7-10 nm thick

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4
Q

The cell membrane is composed of how many percentage of Protein, Carbohydrates, and Lipids?

A

55 protein
3 carbohydrate
42 Lipid

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5
Q

Explain the amphipathic structure of a phospholipid

A

Contains a hydrophilic glycerol head facing the Intracellular membrane and extracellular
and two fatty acid tails

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6
Q

Fluid inside of a cell

A

Intracellular fluid

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7
Q

Process of attaching sugars
Post-translational modification found in mitosis and meiosis

A

Glycosylation

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8
Q

Two types of Glycosylation

A

N-Glycosylation
O-Glycosylation

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9
Q

Interstitial: Supports, surrounds, the cell: 75 percent of fluid in the body
Intravascular: Blood plasma : 25 percent of the body
Transmembrane fluid: synovial fluid, ocular fluid, Cerebrospinal fluid (backbone fluid)

A

Extracellular fluid

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10
Q

OLIGOSACCHARIDES LINKED TO THE NITROGEN ATOM ON AN ASPARAGINE

A

N-Glycosylation

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11
Q

OLIGOSACCHARIDES ARE LINKED TO OXYGEN L, TYPICALLY ON SERINE OR THREONINE OR THREONINE RESIDUE

A

O-Glycosylation

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12
Q

Integral funvtiom of the cell membrane and cell walls

A

Structure

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13
Q

IMPORTANT ROLES OF GLYCOPROTEINS

A

CELL MEMBRANES
TISSUE STRENGTH
PLANT GRAVITY RESISTANCE (It’s why despite how tall a plant is, it doesn’t topple over)
IMMUNE RESPONSE IN BLOOD VESSELS
BRAIN FUNCTION
BLOOD CLOTTING
BLOOD TYPE IDENTIFICATION
REPRODUCTION
MUCUS PRODUCTION
IMMUNEE SYSTEM SUPPORT
SKIN HEALTH

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14
Q

This protein is Embedded: found deeply in the phospholipid bilayer
Spanned: it is found in the entire cell membrane

A

Embedded: found deeply in the phospholipid bilayer
Spanned: it is found in the entire cell membrane

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15
Q

Type of integral proteins

A

Alpha Helix
Helical bundle
Beta barrel

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16
Q

Example of beta barrel

A

Small ions
Chain sa fatty acid
OmpA - small iron channel
OmpT - Protease
NalP - auto transporter
FadL - long fatty acid chain transporter
PhoE - defusion pore
ScrY - Sucrose specific porin
OmpiA - Phospholipase (Integral protein)

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17
Q

Alpha helix sample

A

Myoglobin
Hemoglobin

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18
Q

Present in one side
Hormone receptors
Cell membrane antigens
Does not like to stick inside the membrane. It’s just outside. repeat: it’s only found in ONE side.
Only one percent of the membrane is Peripheral
They are transport assistants to integral protein.

A

Peripheral protein

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19
Q

Protein for extracellular electron pathway

A

Cytochrome C

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20
Q

An electron transfer shuttle (The bus that electron rides on)

A

Cupredoxins

21
Q

Iron sulfur protein.
Also an electron transfer in photosynthetic bacteria

A

High Potential Iron Protein

HIPIPPPP

22
Q

Receives an electron coming from NADPH (NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE) In the Calvin cycle

A

Adrenodoxin Reductase

23
Q

example of how proteins work as a channel for Ions:

A

Bioelectric- Voltage-gated

Ligand-Gated : Opens and closes because a binding has occurs

24
Q

Macromolecules in cells include

A

Proteins

Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates

Lipids

25
Q

are monosaccharides Contain C, H, O, in 1:2:1
ratio
Ex: glucose, galactose, etc. Ex: C6H12O6

A

Monomers

26
Q

All have hydrophobic regions but
many are amphipathic

Not a true macromolecule

A

Lipids

27
Q

Lipids are not
true
macromolecules
because

A

they
don’t undergo
polymerization.

28
Q

do most of the jobs in cells:

Antibodies

Enzymes

Carry oxygen

Transporters

Structure (cell cytoskeleton)

and many, many more…

A

Proteins

29
Q

1 protein strand

A

peptide

30
Q

Four building blocks in DNA

A

Adenine

Cytosine

Guanine

Thymine

30
Q

twenty amino acids

A

Alanine (A)

Arginine (R)

Aspartate (D)

Asparagine (N)

Cysteine (C)

Glycine (G)

Glutamate (E)

Glutamine(Q)

Histidine (H)

Isoleucine (I)

Leucine (L)

Lysine (K)

Methionine (M)

Phenylalanine (F)

Proline (P)

Serine (S)

Threonine (T)

Tryptophan (W)

Tyrosine (Y)

Valine (V)

31
Q

multiple protein strands

A

polypeptide

32
Q

Four building blocks in RNA

A

Adenine

Cytosine

Guanine

Uracil

33
Q

Nucleic acid monomers (Nucleotides)

A

Sugar
—Deoxyribose, Ribose
Phosphate
Nitrogenous base

34
Q

Bonds in Nucleic Acid

A

Phosphodiester bond

35
Q

Process of combining monomers

A

polymerization

Less energy consuming, but does a lot (na ol)

36
Q

Chemical reactions in cells:

A

Metabolism
-Anabolism
-Catabolism

37
Q

joining molecules to make a bigger molecule by removing water

A

Dehydration synthesis

38
Q

Four Macromolecules, but three go through polymerization

A

Carbohydrate, Protein, and Nucleic Acids

39
Q

ALL the chemical reactions
that happen in cells

A

Metabolism

40
Q

Chemical reactions can _____

molecules together.

A

join or break

41
Q

Carbohydrates are

joined together by

A

glycosidic bonds

42
Q

is the movement of small particles across a
selectively permeable membrane like the cell membrane
until equilibrium is reached.

These particles move from an area of high concentration
to an area of low concentration.

A

Diffusion

43
Q

is the diffusion of water through a selectively
permeable membrane like the cell membrane

Water diffuses across a membrane from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration.

A

Osmosis

44
Q

is the movement of larger
molecules like glucose through the cell membrane –
larger molecules must be “helped”

A

channels

45
Q

Proteins that form channels (pores) are called

A

protein
channels

46
Q

For such cases Nature has evolved a special class of membrane proteins called
———— that allow water to pass through the membrane at a very high rate.

A

aquaporins

47
Q
A

bio 111 (1 decks)

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