Lecture

Question 1

Appendix

Answer 1

Small, finger shaped pouch attached to the cecum. Helps maintain gut bacteria.

Question 2

Cisterna chyli

Answer 2

Dilated sac. Receives lymph plasma from the right and left lumbar trunks and from the intestinal trunk.

Question 3

Lymph nodes

Answer 3

Small, bean-shaped structures found throughout the body. They act like filters, trapping germs, cancer cells, and other harmful substances.

Question 4

Cortex

Answer 4

Composed of large numbers of T cells and scattered modular dendritic cells, epithelial cells, and macrophages.

Question 5

Germinal center

Answer 5

A region of light-staining cells of a secondary lymphoid nodule. Contains B cells, nodular dendritic cells, and macrophages.

Question 6

Axillary lymph nodes

Answer 6

Filter lymph fluid and trap harmful substances like bacteria and cancer cells. Located in the armpits. When fighting infection or other illnesses they become swollen and tender.

Question 7

Cervical lymph node

Answer 7

2 types: anterior and posterior. Located in the neck. Can become swollen and tender when you have an infection (sore throat, cold).

Question 8

Inguinal lymph nodes

Answer 8

2 layers: superficial (surface of the skin) and deep (within the body). Help drain lymph from your legs, lower abdomen, and genitals. Located in the groin area.

Question 9

Right lymphatic duct

Answer 9

Short vessel located in the neck. Empties lymph into the bloodstream at the junction of the right subclavian vein and the right internal jugular vein.

Question 10

Thoracic duct

Answer 10

Largest lymphatic vessel in the body. Empties lymph into the bloodstream at the junction of the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins.

Question 11

Peyer’s patches

Answer 11

Aka: aggregated lymphoid nodules. They are small masses of lymphatic tissue found throughout the ileum region of the small intestine.

Question 12

Spleen

Answer 12

Largest single mass of lymphoid tissue in the body. Located on the left hypochondriac region between the stomach and diaphragm.

Question 13

Thymus gland

Answer 13

Small gland in the lymphatic system that makes and trains special white blood cells (T cells).

Question 14

Lingual tonsils

Answer 14

Small masses of lymphatic tissue located at the back of the tongue. Help detect and fight infections that enter your mouth and throat.

Question 15

Palatine tonsils (tonsils)

Answer 15

Lymphatic tissue in the back of the throat that defend against infections.

Question 16

Pharyngeal tonsils

Answer 16

Aka: adenoid. Lymphatic tissue located in the roof of the nasopharynx. Traps and destroys pathogens that enter through the nasal cavity.

Question 17

External nares

Answer 17

Aka: nostrils. Two openings in the nose that lead to the nasal cavity. They are separated by a wall of cartilage called the septum.

Question 18

Hard palate

Answer 18

Bony part of the roof of the mouth. Helps separate the mouth from the nasal passages and plays A role in speaking and eating.

Question 19

Maxilla bone

Answer 19

Aka: the upper jaw. Holds your upper teeth and plays a role in eating and speaking.

Question 20

Nasal cavity

Answer 20

Large, air-filled space inside your nose. It filters air as you breath, helps detect different smells, and plays a role in now your voice sounds.

Question 21

Pharynx

Answer 21

Aka: throat.A muscular tube that connects the nasal and oral cavities to the esophagus and larynx.

Question 22

Nasopharynx

Answer 22

Connects the nose to the respiratory system. Located behind the nasal cavity.

Question 23

Oropharynx

Answer 23

Serves as a passageway for both air and food. Situated behind the oral cavity.

Question 24

Laryngopharynx

Answer 24

Directs food to the esophagus and air to the larynx. Found below the oropharynx.

Question 25

Soft palate

Answer 25

Aka: velum. A flexible muscular part of the roof of the mouth. Located behind the hard palate.

Question 26

Alveolus /alveoli

Answer 26

Tiny air sac located at the end of the bronchioles in the lungs. They are primary sites for gas exchange.

Question 27

External intercostal muscles

Answer 27

A group of muscles located between the ribs. They assist with inhalation.

Question 28

Internal intercostal muscles

Answer 28

A group of muscles located between the ribs, forming the middle layer of intercostal muscles. Play a key role in the respiratory process, particularly during forced expiration.