Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Frontiers in Biomedicine > Lecture 16 - Stem Cells in the Lung > Flashcards

Lecture 16 - Stem Cells in the Lung Flashcards

1
Q

From which germ layer does the lung epithelium arise?

A

Endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

From which germ layer does the innervation of the lung arise from?

A

Ectoderm (neural crest cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

From which germ layer does the endothelium, haematopoietic cells and lung mesenchyme arise from?

A

Mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which part of the lung arises from the endoderm?

A

Lung epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which part of the lung arises from the ectoderm?

A

Innervation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which part of the lung arises from the mesoderm

A

Lung endothelium, mesenchyme and haematopoietic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Number of different cell types in the lung

A

Over 50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is the lung epithelium formed?

A

A proliferation of an endodermal progenitor in the foregut endoderm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How are the conducting and respiratory airways formed?

A

Branching morphogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q 
How are the lungs developed?
1)
2)
3)
4)
A

1) Endodermal progenitor proliferates in the foregut endoderm, forming the lung epithelium.
2) Epithelial lung bud forms surrounded by loosely-packed mesenchymal cells.
3) Branching morphogenesis forms conducting and respiratory airways
4) Alveologenesis forms alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q 
Stages of lung development
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
A

1) Embryonic
2) Pseudoglandular
3) Canalicular
4) Sacular
5) Alveolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When does surfactant start to be produced?

A

Sacular period (around week 25)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are lung epithelial stem cells located during embryonic development?

A

At the distal tip of the growing lung bud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How can you stain for embryonic epithelial lung stem cells?

A

LD2 expression.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which type of stem cell are lung epithelial stem cells?

A

Multipotent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which cell type can give rise to goblet cells and ciliated cells?

A

Club cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cell types that club cells give rise to

A

Goblet cells and ciliated cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which part of the mesoderm do mesenchymal cells arise from?

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do mesenchymal cells give rise to in the lung?

A

Fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells

20
Q

Expression of what marks mesenchymal progenitor cells in the lung?

A

FGF-10 expression

21
Q

What does LD2 expression mark?

A

Lung epithelial stem cells

22
Q

What does FGF-10 expression mark?

A

Mesenchymal stem cells

23
Q

Role of FGF-10

A

Epithelial progenitors grow towards FGF-10 (FGF-10 secreted by mesenchymal progenitors at the tip of the lung bud, driving formation of bud).

24
Q

What does the lung vasculature develop from?

A

Endothelial progenitor cells of the mesoderm

25
Q

Why do the heart and lungs often have comorbidities?

A

Because they share a stem cell line (multipotent cardiopulmonary progenitor)

26
Q

How to use flow cytometry to analyse lung stem cells
1)
2)

A

1) Digest lungs with collagenase

2) Colony-forming assay

27
Q

Rationale behind a colony-forming assay

A

Stem cells will be able to regenerate. More-differentiated cells won’t be able to do so.

28
Q

Phenotype of lung epithelial progenitor cell

A

CD45 negative
CD31 negative
EpCAM positive
CD24 low

29
Q

How are lung epithelial progenitor cells grown in culture?

A

As a co-culture with lung stromal cells

30
Q

Three colony types of colony-forming assay of lung cells

A

1) Airway
2) Alveolar
3) Mixed

31
Q

How are alveolar cells identified in a colony-forming assay?

A

Expression of Pro-spc (surfactant)

32
Q

How are airway cells identified in a colony-forming assay?

A

Muc-ac expression (mucin)

33
Q

What is the significance of finding alveolar, airway and mixed colonies in a colony-forming assay?

A

There are cells in the lungs that are committed to one lineage (alveolar or airway) and cells that are multipotent.

Airway colonies can only give rise to airway colonies.
Alveolar colonies can only give rise to alveolar colonies.

34
Q

How was the lung epithelial stem cell nice found?
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Club cells are depleted by naphthaline.
2) Naphthaline used to deplete club cells of airways. After ~3 days club cells were regenerated.
3) Location of regeneration found using histology

35
Q

What determines epithelial stem cell fate?

A

Microenvironment (supported by stromal cells)

36
Q

Lineage specifications of mesenchymal cells
1)
2)

A

Three distinct types found using flow cytometry:

1) CD166+ has low proliferative capacity, becomes myofibroblasts.
2) Two CD166- types are multipotent, can become either myofibroblasts or lipofibroblasts

37
Q

Factor released by mesenchymal stromal cells in the lung that allow epithelial stem cells to regenerate

A

FGF-10

38
Q

Most important expressed molecules that allow identification of adult lung epithelial stem cells

A

Differential expression of EpCAM and CD24

39
Q

Another name for culture-forming assay

A

In vitro clonogenic assay

40
Q

Which rank do lung diseases have worldwide for disease prevalence and cost?

A

2nd

41
Q

When might a stem-cell therapy for lung disease a good idea?

A

When the disease is chronic. If it is acute, stem-cell therapy might be too slow

42
Q

Two main approaches for stem cell therapy

A

1) Deliver functioning stem cells to needed area

2) Deliver factors that will result in genesis of stem cells in needed area

43
Q

Why aren’t embryonic stem cells appropriate for transplant?

A

Form teratomas

44
Q

For what could stem cells be used as a gene therapy?

A

Cystic fibrosis

45
Q

Successful tissue decellularisation transplant

A

Trachaea

46
Q

Problem with tissue decellularisation

A

Organ being made must be self-renewing. Need to understand how cells communicate in tissue

47
Q

Another role of mesenchymal stem cells

A

Intrinsically anti-inflammatory

Frontiers in Biomedicine (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions