Lecture 16 - Skeletal System

Question 1

what is the name for the system that consists of muscles and their attachment points that causes movement?

Answer 1

musculoskeletal system

Question 2

which type of skeletal system is seen in insects and arthropods?

Answer 2

exoskeleton

Question 3

a hydrostatic skeleton depends on what to provide movement

Answer 3

pressure differences

Question 4

what kind of skeletal system does an earthworm have?

Answer 4

hydrostatic

Question 5

where do humans have hydrostatic tissue?

Answer 5

discs of vertebral column, articular cartilage around joints

Question 6

in an exoskeleton, where do muscles attach?

Answer 6

inner surfaces

Question 7

what is the exoskeleton made up of in arthropods?

Answer 7

chitin

Question 8

what is the exoskeleton made up of in mollusks?

Answer 8

calcium carbonate

Question 9

what is the name of the process of shedding and exoskeleton?

Answer 9

molting

Question 10

what makes up the tough matrix of cartilage? (2 things)

Answer 10

polysaccharides and protein (mainly collagen fibers)

Question 11

what do bones store and regulate?

Answer 11

calcium

Question 12

what would happen to bones if they have too much calcium phosphate?

Answer 12

they are too brittle/break easily

Question 13

what type of bone cell deposits new bone matrix?

Answer 13

osteoblasts

Question 14

what type of bone cell dissolves bone matrix?

Answer 14

osteoclasts

Question 15

what type of bone forms on a scaffold of the connective tissue?

Answer 15

membranous bone

Question 16

what is the name for the site of bone elongation during growth?

Answer 16

Epiphyseal (growth) plates ; located between ossified regions of bone near the ends

Question 17

what part of the bone contains blood vessels and nerves?

Answer 17

Haversian canals

Question 18

what is the name for the area where two bones come together to facilitate movement?

Answer 18

joints

Question 19

muscles working in the same direction are known as what?

Answer 19

synergists

Question 20

what is the name of the distance from the joint (fulcrum) to the muscle attachment? The distance is where force is applied in a lever system.

Answer 20

load arm

Question 21

where is cancellous bone located? This bone is the transition between compact and spongy bone.

Answer 21

the ends of long bones

Question 22

why are there not haversian canals in spongy bone?

Answer 22

increased surface area

Question 23

what is the first step of long bone growth? (i.e. what do bones develop from)?

Answer 23

cartilage

Question 24

what makes up stiff, flexible structures such as the human larynx?

Answer 24

cartilage

Question 25

what points of spongy bone are the most dense?

Answer 25

areas of stress

Question 26

what type of lever system has the fulcrum located between the load arm and force arm?

Answer 26

class 1 lever

Question 27

what is responsible for anchoring muscles to bone?

Answer 27

tendons