Lecture 16: Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

what is PNS?

A

everything outside of CNS, cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia

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2
Q

how is the PNS divided?

A

PNS is divided into sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) divisions

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3
Q

explain the in/outputs of the PNS?

A

afferent nerves carry information from sensory receptors to CNS
- somatic (skin, muscles, joint) causes a reflex action
- visceral organs

efferent nerves carry information away from CNS to the effector organs
- somatic motor nerves innervate skeletal muscle
- autonomic nerves innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands.

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4
Q

is somatic voluntary or involuntary movements?

A

somatic is voluntary and autonomic is involuntary.

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5
Q

what is the autonomic system split into?

A

sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic nervous system (rest and digest)

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6
Q

what are the three key anatomical differences ANS divisions?

A
  1. site of origin: para - fibres originate in the craniosacral region
    sym - fibres originate in the thoracolumbar region
  2. lengths of fibres: para - preganglionic fibres are long, and postganglionic fibres are short
    sym - preganglionic fibres are short, and postganglionic fibres are long.
  3. location of ganglia: para-ganglia is near or within visceral effector organs
    sym - ganglia is close to the spinal cord
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7
Q

what are the 2 types of nerves in the PNS?

A

spinal nerves - arise from spinal cord
cranial nerves - arise from brain

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8
Q

what are the three connective tissues surrounding nerves?

A

epineurium (outer, surrounds the peripheral nerve)
perineurium (middle, surrounds fascicles)
endoneurium (inner, surrounds individual nerve axons)

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9
Q

how many spinal cords are attached to the spinal cord? name them and state how many.

A

31 altogether. 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal.

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10
Q

dorsal rami vs ventral rami?

A

dorsal rami provide sensory and motor innervation to the skin and back muscles. ventral rami provide sensory and motor innervation to the rest of trunk and limbs

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11
Q

what are the four main plexuses?

A

cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral

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12
Q

where the plexuses located?

A

cervical - under sternocleidomastoid (neck)
brachial - located in neck and shoulder
lumbar - innervates abdominal wall, anterior and medial thigh
sacral - located posterior to lumbar, buttocks, lower limb and pelvis

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13
Q

what makes up the brachial plexus?

A

5 roots (ventral rami), 3 trunks, 3 cords, 5 peripheral nerves

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14
Q

names of the 3 cords in brachial plexus?

A

lateral, posterior, medial

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15
Q

names of the peripheral nerves in brachial plexus?

A

axillary, musculocutaneous, median, ulnar, radial

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16
Q

names of trunks in brachial plexus?

A

inferior, middle, superior

17
Q

how many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pairs.

18
Q

how many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pairs.