Lecture 16 Lung Anatomy

Question 1

The smaller the particle…

Answer 1

The deeper it can go into your alveoli

Question 2

Type 1 alveolar cell

Answer 2

-Function: gas exchange
-large squamous cells
-covers 95% of internal lung surfaces

Question 3

Type 2 alveolar cell

Answer 3

-Function: secrete pulmonary surfactant to prevent collapse of alveoli
-cuboidal cells that secrete surfactant
covers 5% of internal lung surfaces

Question 4

Alveolar macrophages

Answer 4

-Perform phagocytosis of foreign materials and cell debris

Question 5

Particle clearance mechanisms

Answer 5

Most important:
1) Mucociliary blanket
2) Phagocytosis
3) Lymphatic channels

Poor clearance leads to
particle overload due to
overwhelming the
clearance mechanisms

Question 6

Antioxidant that is critical for healthy lungs:

Answer 6

Glutathione
(other antioxidants but this is most important)

Question 7

Principal function of the lung

Answer 7

gas exchange
-takes place across the whole alveolar surface
-CO2 leaves hemoglobin from blood and diffuses into alveoli while O2 diffuses from alveoli into the blood

Question 8

Conducting airways defend against microbes, chemicals, and other foreign matter in what ways?

Answer 8

-with cilia, mucus, and macrophages
-warms and moistens air

Question 9

What does Boyles Law state?

Answer 9

Volume and pressure are inversely related

As volume increases, pressure decreases and vice versa

Question 10

Vital capacity (VC)

Answer 10

Volume of air that is moved in and out of the lungs

Question 11

Tidal Volume (TV)

Answer 11

During rest only the tidal volume is moved in and out (not all air in the lungs)

Question 12

spirometry

Answer 12

-the measurement of your ability
to move air in and out of your lungs
* Allows for the diagnosis of obstructive and
restrictive diseases

Question 13

Obstructive vs Restrictive lung disease

Answer 13

Obstructive
* Characterized by reduction in air flow
* Difficulty exhaling air
* – Shortness of breath
* Air will remain inside the
lung after full expiration
* Examples: COPD,Asthma,
Bronchiectasis

Restrictive
* Characterized by
reduction in lung volume
* Difficulty inhaling air
* Due to stiffness inside the
lung tissue or chest wall
* Examples: Interstitial lung
disease, Scoliosis,
Neuromuscular cause,
obesity

Question 14

Plethysmography

Answer 14

Constant volume (pressure): head out; measure chest expansion (air intake) as a derivative of time.