Lecture 16: Body fluids and compartments

Question 1

Things that can elevate osmolar gap

Answer 1

Ethanol
Methanol
Ethylene glycol
Acetone
Mannitol

Question 2

Osmolar gap is

Answer 2

Difference between the measured osmolarity and the estimated osmolarity

Question 3

Requirement for an indicator

Answer 3

Disperses evenly throughout compartment
Disperses only in compartment being measured
Not metabolized or excreted or toxic

Question 4

Volume equation

Answer 4

Vol B= Vol A x Conc A / Conc B

Question 5

Addition of isotonic saline to extracellular fluid

Answer 5

Extracellular osmolarity does not change

Extracellular volume increases

Question 6

Addition of hypotonic saline to extracellular fluid

Answer 6

Volume in both increase

Osmolarity in both decrease

Question 7

Renal cortex includes

Answer 7

Bowmans capsules

Proximal and distal convoluted tubules

Question 8

Cortical nephrons glomeruli

Answer 8

Glomeruli are located in outer cortex and have short loops of henle

Question 9

Juxtamedullary nephrons glomeruli

Answer 9

Glomeruli located deep in renal cortex near medulla and have long loops of henle

Question 10

Juxtamedullary nephron arteriole

Answer 10

Long efferent arterioles associated with peritubular capillaries

Question 11

Kidneys receive what percent of cardiac output

Answer 11

22%

Question 12

Efferent arterioles help

Answer 12

Regulate hydrostatic pressure in both sets of capillaries

Question 13

High hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries causes

Answer 13

Rapid fluid filtration

Question 14

High hydrostatic pressure in peritubular capillaries causes

Answer 14

Rapid fluid reabsorption

Question 15

Blood flow to kidney

Answer 15

Renal arteries
Interlobar arteries
Arcuate arteries
Interlobar arteries
Afferent arterioles
Glomerular capillaries
Efferent arterioles

Question 16

Blood flow from kidney

Answer 16

Peritubular capillaries 
Interlobar veins
Arcuate veins
Interlobar veins
Renal veins