Lecture 16

Question 1

What type of cells make up early neural epithelium?

Answer 1

simple cuboidal

Question 2

What type of cells make up the neural plate?

Answer 2

simple columnar epithelium

Question 3

What type of cells make up the early neural tube wall?

Answer 3

pseudo stratified epithelium

Question 4

What type of cells make up the late neural tube wall?

Answer 4

stratified epithelium

Question 5

What happens if the metaphase plate is perpendicular to inner margin of neural tube (next to lumen)?

Answer 5

two resulting daughter cells will remain proliferated

Question 6

What happens if the metaphase plate is parallel to inner margin?

Answer 6

daughter cell closet to lumen will remain proliferated
daughter cell further from lumen will express Notch receptor, become post mitotic, move to the external limiting membrane, become a neuroblast

Question 7

Notochord induces formation of the floor plate of the neural tube via ______

Answer 7

sonic hedgehog

Question 8

Sonic hedgehog produced by the floor plate induces the formation of what?

Answer 8

motor neurons

Question 9

Ectoderm flanking the neural plate uses BMPs to induce _____ to the future neural crest and later to maintain ___ and ___ to create dorsalizing effect

Answer 9

snail-2, Pax-3, Pax-7

Question 10

Pax-3 and Pax-7 are suppressed by ____ from the floor plate to suppress the dorsalizing effect in the basal plate

Answer 10

Shh

Question 11

What are the primary inductors of the nervous system in mammals?

Answer 11

primitive node and notochordal process

Question 12

The isthmus organizer is located at the junction between the midbrain and the hindbrain and acts by the production of the ____ anteriorly and _____ posteriorly

Answer 12

Wnt-1 and FGF-8

Question 13

Cranial nerve___ innervates structures derived from the first pharyngeal arch

Answer 13

V

Question 14

Cranial nerve ____ innervates structures derived from the second pharyngeal arch

Answer 14

VII

Question 15

Cranial nerve ____ innervates structures derived from the third pharyngeal arch

Answer 15

IX

Question 16

What causes the segmented nature of spinal nerves?

Answer 16

the pattern of somatic mesoderm along neural tube

Question 17

In the isthmic organizer signaling center FGF-8/Wnt-1 induces expression of what? and what does this do?

Answer 17

Induces expression of En-1, En-2, Pax-2, and Pax-5 which organizes and polarizes dorsal midbrain and cerebellum

Question 18

Dorsoventral patterning of midbrain is primarily due to ____ located ventrally

Answer 18

shh

Question 19

What does Shh do?

Answer 19

restricts Pax-7 and similar molecules

Question 20

What does Pax-7 do?

Answer 20

related to formation of alar plate

Question 21

What does Pax-6 do?

Answer 21

expressed in alar plate of diencephalon and is master gene of eye formation

Question 22

Pax-6 inhibits ____, and vice-versa. Which results in what?

Answer 22

En-1, results in formation of the diencephalic-mesencephalic border

Question 23

In forebrain segmentation what does P1-P3 represent? P2-P3?

Answer 23

P1-P3: define the diencephalon

P2-P3: define dorsal and ventral thalamus

Question 24

Basal plate develops into what?

Answer 24

hypothalamus

Question 25

alar plate develops into what?

Answer 25

cerebral cortex, basal nuclei and optic vesicles

Question 26

Axons grow ____ from the motor neuroblasts located in the basal plate of the spinal cord

Answer 26

out

Question 27

Cell bodies of sensory neurons are derived from ____

Answer 27

neural crest cells

Question 28

Cell bodies of sensory neurons form ____

Answer 28

sensory spinal ganglia

Question 29

Where do sympathetic preganglionic motor neurons arise from?

Answer 29

intermediate (lateral) horns of gray matter (levels or origin are T1-L2)

Question 30

Are sympathetic postganglionic motor neurons myelinated or not?

Answer 30

not myelinated

Question 31

What determine whether migrating neural crest cells differentiate into autonomic neurons or other neural crest derivatives

Answer 31

BMPs