Lecture Flashcards
(41 cards)
Atomic weight of carbon
12.0107
Focus of inorganic chemistry
It is the general study of chemicals / elements.
Focus of organic chemistry
It is specific to the study of CARBON and to all substances containing it.
Source of molecules in inorg
Minerals
Source of molecules in organic chemistry
Biological species (animals, plants)
Atomic number gives the ?
of protons / electrons
Mass number gives the ?
total # of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Where can you find the negatively charged electron
Within the orbitals
Atomic orbitals is also known as?
Wave function
What is atomic orbitals
It is the solution to a wave equation — the mathematical expression used to describe the distribution of electrons in an atom.
shape of s orbital
Spherical
Shape of p orb
Dumbbell shape
Hund’s principle -
states that every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied before other orbitals are completely filled and that electrons in a singly occupied orbital will have the same spin
Aufbau’s principle
- states that electrons will fill the lowest available energy level before filling the higher levels
Octet rule
states that the valence shell (outermost shell) must be filled completely and must achieve a noble gas configuration (8 valence electron).
Atoms will achieve noble gas configuration by either
Forming ionic bond or covalent bond.
Electrons are transferred
Ionic bond
Electrons are shared
Covalent bond
Bond between atoms of different
eletronegativity (cations and anions)
Ionic bond
Bond (occurrence) covalent
Between similar atoms and atoms of
nearly equal electronegativity.
shows the kernel or nucleus represented by the symbol of the atom surrounded by its valence electrons represented by dots.
Lewis dot structure
also known as line-bond structures; shows 2- electron covalent bonds as a line and the lone-pair electrons (non- bonding electrons) as dots.
Kekúle structure
Define electronegativity
a measure of the relative attraction an atoms has for the shared electron in a bond.
The most electronegative
Fluorine