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bch 4024 exam 2 > Lecture 15- Lipids > Flashcards

Lecture 15- Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 roles of lipids?

A
  1. Energy storage
  2. Structure
  3. Signaling, cofactors (ex. vitamins), & pigments
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2
Q

What are storage lipids called and what do they consist of?

A

Fatty acids (FA), carboxylic acids with 4-36 hydrocarbon chains

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3
Q

How many C’s are synthesized from 2 carbon units?

A

An even number

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4
Q

What determines a fatty acid’s physical properties?

A

of C’s and deg of saturation

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5
Q

What specifies the name of a carbon?

A

The chain with length and # of double bonds relative to carbonyl carbon

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6
Q

Describe what each number is specifying:

18:1(Δ9)

A

18:1(Δ9​)

18 = # of C’s

1 = # of double bonds (0 if saturated)

Δ9 = Location of double bonds

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7
Q

18:1(Δ9​)

A

Oleic Acid

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8
Q

16: 0?
18: 0?

A

16: 0 = Palmitic Acid, Palmatate
18: 0 = Stearic Acid

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9
Q

Saturated FA MP:

  • C # in/decreases = in/decrease in MP
  • Small shell is formed due to coming together of

______ _______

  • ______ @ room temp
A

Saturated FA MP:

  • C # increases = increase in MP
  • Small shell is formed due to coming together of

fatty tails

  • Solid @ room temp
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10
Q

Unsaturated FA MP:

  • C # in/decreases = in/decreases in MP
    • ___-conformation produces _____ = easier to break down molecule
  • ______ @ room temp
A

Unsaturated FA MP:

  • C # increases = decrease in MP
    • Cis-conformation produces kinks = easier to break down molecule
  • Liquid @ room temp
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11
Q

18:1(Δ9,12​)

A

Linoleic Acid

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12
Q

3 FA in ester linkage to glycerol?

How are FA stored in the body by this molecule?

A

Triacylglyceride

FA storage in the body occurs when 3 carboxylic FA can bind to available OH to form ester bond

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13
Q

Major source of metabolic fuel is stored in _______ tissue.

A

Major source of metabolic fuel is stored in adipose tissue.

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14
Q

Vegetable oils are mostly what type of FA?

A

Unsaturated triacylglycerols

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15
Q

What are the components of most biological membranes?

2 Types?

A

Phospholipids, Structural lipids

Glycerophospholipids, Sphingolipids

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16
Q

What structural phospholipid contains a glycerol backbone, polar head group, & 2 FA chains in ester linkage to 1st and 2nd C’s of glycerol?

A

Glycerophospholipid

17
Q

In a glycerophospholipid, what is the alcoholic head group attached through?

A

In a glycerophospholipid, the alcoholic head group is attached through phosphodiester linkage to the 3rd C of glycerol.

18
Q

Phosphotidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine are most abundant ___________.

A

Phosphotidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine are most abundant glycerophospholipids.

19
Q

What is 1 molecule of a long, chain amino acid that looks like a FA and what FA with a polar head group contains it?

A

Sphingosine, Sphingolipids

20
Q

A sphingosine’s polar head group can be joined by (2)?

A

Glycosidic linkage or phosphodiester bond

21
Q

As a part of signaling, a sphingolipid can be decorated with a _______ (_____-) instead of a polar head group.

A

As a part of signaling, a sphingolipid can be decorated with a sugar (Glyco-) instead of a polar head group.

22
Q

What is a type of FA that are diverse sugar groups used for cell recognition?

A

Glycosphingolipids

23
Q

What is a structural lipid that is present in most membranes of eukaryotic cells?

A

Sterols

24
Q

What is a structural lipid that is the major sterol in animal tissues?

A

Cholesterol

25
Q

Why do we need cholesterol in all plasma membranes w/in our cells?

A

To add fluidity

26
Q

Cholesterol is a structural lipid that is a ______ molecule with _ fused rings (steroid nucleus,) that may contain a ______ side chain.

A

Cholesterol is a structural lipid that is a planar molecule with 4 fused rings (steroid nucleus,) that may contain a alkyl side chain.

27
Q

Cholesterols are ________ w/ _____ head groups and _______ hydrocarbon bodies.

A

Cholesterols are amphipathic w/ polar head groups and nonpolar hydrocarbon bodies.

28
Q

Glycophospholipids require specific hydrolytic _______ for each bond.

Because, when they are cleaved from the membrane, phospholipids become _______ molecules later on.

A

Glycophospholipids require specific hydrolytic enzymes for each bond.

Because, when they are cleaved from the membrane, phospholipids become signaling molecules later on.

29
Q

________ are hydrolase that are catalyzed by _____ on _____ bonds to break them down.

A

Enzymes are hydrolase that are catalyzed by water on ester bonds to break them down.

30
Q

Lypospholid is produced by?

A

Removal of 1 phospholipid

bch 4024 exam 2 (15 decks)

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