Lecture 15- Lipids Flashcards
What are the 3 roles of lipids?
- Energy storage
- Structure
- Signaling, cofactors (ex. vitamins), & pigments
What are storage lipids called and what do they consist of?
Fatty acids (FA), carboxylic acids with 4-36 hydrocarbon chains
How many C’s are synthesized from 2 carbon units?
An even number
What determines a fatty acid’s physical properties?
of C’s and deg of saturation
What specifies the name of a carbon?
The chain with length and # of double bonds relative to carbonyl carbon
Describe what each number is specifying:
18:1(Δ9)
18:1(Δ9)
18 = # of C’s
1 = # of double bonds (0 if saturated)
Δ9 = Location of double bonds
18:1(Δ9)
Oleic Acid
16: 0?
18: 0?
16: 0 = Palmitic Acid, Palmatate
18: 0 = Stearic Acid
Saturated FA MP:
- C # in/decreases = in/decrease in MP
- Small shell is formed due to coming together of
______ _______
- ______ @ room temp
Saturated FA MP:
- C # increases = increase in MP
- Small shell is formed due to coming together of
fatty tails
- Solid @ room temp
Unsaturated FA MP:
- C # in/decreases = in/decreases in MP
- ___-conformation produces _____ = easier to break down molecule
- ______ @ room temp
Unsaturated FA MP:
- C # increases = decrease in MP
- Cis-conformation produces kinks = easier to break down molecule
- Liquid @ room temp
18:1(Δ9,12)
Linoleic Acid
3 FA in ester linkage to glycerol?
How are FA stored in the body by this molecule?
Triacylglyceride
FA storage in the body occurs when 3 carboxylic FA can bind to available OH to form ester bond
Major source of metabolic fuel is stored in _______ tissue.
Major source of metabolic fuel is stored in adipose tissue.
Vegetable oils are mostly what type of FA?
Unsaturated triacylglycerols
What are the components of most biological membranes?
2 Types?
Phospholipids, Structural lipids
Glycerophospholipids, Sphingolipids
What structural phospholipid contains a glycerol backbone, polar head group, & 2 FA chains in ester linkage to 1st and 2nd C’s of glycerol?
Glycerophospholipid
In a glycerophospholipid, what is the alcoholic head group attached through?
In a glycerophospholipid, the alcoholic head group is attached through phosphodiester linkage to the 3rd C of glycerol.
Phosphotidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine are most abundant ___________.
Phosphotidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine are most abundant glycerophospholipids.
What is 1 molecule of a long, chain amino acid that looks like a FA and what FA with a polar head group contains it?
Sphingosine, Sphingolipids
A sphingosine’s polar head group can be joined by (2)?
Glycosidic linkage or phosphodiester bond
As a part of signaling, a sphingolipid can be decorated with a _______ (_____-) instead of a polar head group.
As a part of signaling, a sphingolipid can be decorated with a sugar (Glyco-) instead of a polar head group.
What is a type of FA that are diverse sugar groups used for cell recognition?
Glycosphingolipids
What is a structural lipid that is present in most membranes of eukaryotic cells?
Sterols
What is a structural lipid that is the major sterol in animal tissues?
Cholesterol
Why do we need cholesterol in all plasma membranes w/in our cells?
To add fluidity
Cholesterol is a structural lipid that is a ______ molecule with _ fused rings (steroid nucleus,) that may contain a ______ side chain.
Cholesterol is a structural lipid that is a planar molecule with 4 fused rings (steroid nucleus,) that may contain a alkyl side chain.
Cholesterols are ________ w/ _____ head groups and _______ hydrocarbon bodies.
Cholesterols are amphipathic w/ polar head groups and nonpolar hydrocarbon bodies.
Glycophospholipids require specific hydrolytic _______ for each bond.
Because, when they are cleaved from the membrane, phospholipids become _______ molecules later on.
Glycophospholipids require specific hydrolytic enzymes for each bond.
Because, when they are cleaved from the membrane, phospholipids become signaling molecules later on.
________ are hydrolase that are catalyzed by _____ on _____ bonds to break them down.
Enzymes are hydrolase that are catalyzed by water on ester bonds to break them down.
Lypospholid is produced by?
Removal of 1 phospholipid
