Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochem Exam 2 > Lecture 15 - Glycolysis > Flashcards

Lecture 15 - Glycolysis Flashcards

1
Q

In glycolysis 1 molecule of […] is converted to 2 molecules of […] and generates 2 molecules of […].

A

Glucose; Pyruvate; ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sources of glucose in diet.

A

Disaccharides (i.e. sucrose and lactose), starch, and glycogen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Only fuel that RBCs can use.

A

Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pyruvate and lactate can be salvaged and resynthesized to glucose via […].

A

Gluconeogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Protein transporters that uptake glucose.

A

Glucose transporters (GLUTs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

GLUT transporter, ubiquitous but expressed highly in brain and RBCs.

A

GLUT1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

GLUT transporter, main transporter in liver.

A

GLUT2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

GLUT transporter, main transporter in neurons.

A

GLUT3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

GLUT transporter, present in skeletal muscle, heart, and adipose tissue.

A

GLUT4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

GLUT transporter, has the low affinity.

A

GLUT2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

GLUT transporters with high affinity.

A

GLUT1 and GLUT3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

GLUT transporter that is regulated insulin.

A

GLUT4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Location of glycolysis.

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Two stages of glycolysis.

A

Trapping of glucose and generation of ATP.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Step of glycolysis, traps glucose.

A

Glucose → Glucose-6-phosphate via hexokinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Step of glycolysis, commited step.

A

Fructose-6-Phosphate → Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate via phosphofructokinase (i.e. consumes ATP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Enzymes in glycolysis, utilize ATP.

A

Hexokinase and phosphofructokinase

18
Q

Rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis.

A

Phosphofructokinase

19
Q

Enzyme of glycolysis, reduceds NAD+ to NADH.

A

GAPDH (i.e. NADH goes to ETC)

20
Q

ATP producing steps of glycolysis.

A

1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate → 3-phosphoglycerate via phosphoglycerol kinase and phophoenolpyruvate → pyruvate via pyruvate kinase

21
Q

Three fates of pyruvate produced in glycolysis.

A

Ethanol, lactate (i.e. regenerates NAD+), acetyl CoA (i.e. for further oxidation)

22
Q

Disaccharide of glucose and fructose.

A

Sucrose

23
Q

Disaccharide of glucose and galactose.

A

Lactose

24
Q

Major regulatory enzymes of glycolysis.

A

Hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase.

25
Q

Enzyme of glycolysis, converts glucose to glucose-6-phosphate

A

Hexokinase

26
Q

Enzyme of glycolysis, converts fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.

A

Phosphofructosokinase

27
Q

Enzyme of glycolysis, converts phophoenolpyruvate to pyruvate.

A

Pyruvate kinase

28
Q

Goal of glycolysis in muscle.

A

To generate ATP during activity.

29
Q

Regulator of glycolysis within muscle.

A

ATP

30
Q

Goal of glycolysis within the liver.

A

To maintain blood lgucose levels, to provide building blocks for other pathways.

31
Q

Significance of hexokinase not being present in the liver.

A

Prevents glucose from being permentantly trapped, uses glucokinase instead.

32
Q

In the liver phosphofructukinase is activated via […] and inhibited via […].

A

Fructose-2,6-Biphosphate; citrate

33
Q

How is pyruvate kinase regulated within the liver?

A

Allosteric effectors and covalent modification.

34
Q

Main reason excess fructose consumption can lead to pathological conditions.

A

Fructose when metabolized bypasses the most important regulatory step of glycolysis (i.e. step catalyzed by phosphofructokinase)

35
Q

Enzyme deficient in individuals with lactose intolerance.

A

Lactase

36
Q

Term, disruption of galactose metabolism.

A

Galactosemia

37
Q

Classic galactosemia is due to inherited deficiency in […] activity.

A

Galactose 1-phosphate uridyl transferase

38
Q

Diagnostic of galactosemia.

A

Absences of galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase in RBCs

39
Q

As a result of galactose 1-phosphate uridyl transferase cataracts can form. This is because the enzyme aldose reductase reduces galactose to […].

A

Galactitol

40
Q

Process, when rapidly growing tumor cells metabolize glucose to lactate even in the presence of oxygen.

A

Aerobic glycolysis/Warburg effect

41
Q
A

Biochem Exam 2 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions