Lecture 15 - Endocrine Part 1

Question 1

What are Autocrine hormones?

Answer 1

Bind back on self to inhibit

Question 2

What are Paracrine hormones?

Answer 2

Feedback on neighboring cells

Question 3

What are endocrine hormones?

Answer 3

Hormones that are released and circulated throughout the body and transported to their target cells

Question 4

What are neuroendocrine hormones?

Answer 4

Hormones that circulate in the bloodstream that cause changes in the plasma osmolality causing a neuroendocrine sensor to take action

Question 5

Which types of hormones bind to cell membrane receptors?

Answer 5

All but steroids

- makes them fast acting

Question 6

Where do steroids bind?

Answer 6

In the cytosol

Question 7

What is the difference between testosterone and estradiol?

Answer 7

Testosterone has a ketone while estradiol has a hydroxyl group
- Testosterone = masculine, Estradiol = feminizing

Question 8

What is the base for all steroids?

Answer 8

Cholesterol

Question 9

What is special about the binding process of steroids?

Answer 9

Steroids bind to transcription factors in the nucleus to changes into a new protein to cause a physiological response
- Slow acting d/t this

Question 10

In an experimental preparation, a hypertonic saline solution was infused into the supraoptic nucleus. Which of the following recorded responses is most likely to occur?

Answer 10

Increased recorded nerve activity in neurohypophysis, increased circulating ADH

Question 11

What is the feedback control of the hypothalamo/hypophyseal axis?

Answer 11

Negative feedback from the hormones onto the hypothalamic neurosecretory neuron and anterior pituitary