Lecture 15 Anemias

Question 1

Anemia

Answer 1

• decrease in the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood

- RBCs, Hgb, Hct decreased

Question 2

Pica

Answer 2

condition associated with unusual cravings for ice, clay, and starch seen in patients with iron deficiency anemia

Question 3

Clinical Findings of Anemia

Answer 3

• pallor, jaundice, petechiae
• eye hemorrhage
• mucosal bleeding
• sternal tenderness, lymphadenopathy
• cardiac murmurs, tachycardia
• splenomegaly, hepatomegaly
• pallor of conjunctive and nail beds
• dyspnea, vertigo
• headache, muscle weakness, lethargy

Question 4

Anemia Physiological Adaptations

Answer 4

1. Increase in erythropoietin
2. Increase in heart rate and respiratory rate
3. Increase in 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate shift O2 dissociation curve to right

Question 5

3 Main General Categories of Anemia

Answer 5

1. Ineffective erythropoiesis: production of defective cells (retic count will be low)
2. Insufficient Erythropoiesis: lack of precursors in BM
3. Acute blood loss and hemolysis (retic count will be high)

Question 6

Pathophysiologic Classification

Answer 6

• Decreased Production
  i. qualitative defect
  ii. quantitative defect
• Increased Destruction (hemolytic anemia)
  
  • intracorpuscular defects
  • extracorpuscular defects
• Increased Blood Loss

Question 7

Indices Categorizing Anemia

Answer 7

RDW
MCV
Retic Count

Question 8

Microcytic Anemias

Answer 8

• Sideroblastic Anemias
• Iron Deficiency Anemias
• Anemia of Chronic Inflammation
• Thalassemia

Question 9

Macrocytic Anemias

Answer 9

• Megaloblastic Anemias
• Nonmegaloblastic Anemias:
  
  • Chronic liver disease
  • Alcoholism
  • Aplastic Anemias (BM Failure)

Question 10

Normocytic Anemias

Answer 10

• High Retic
  
  • Hemolytic Anemia
    
    • Intrinsic
    • Extrinsic
• Normal Retic or Low Retic