Lecture 15 - Acid/Base Physiology

Question 1

Consider normal bodily pH to be _____.

Answer 1

7.4

Question 2

Bodily pH ~ [____] / pCO2

Answer 2

pH ~ [HCO3]

pCO2

Question 3

Buffers in the blood can act immediately and locally to maintain pH 7.4, but they can’t _____ H+. The kidney CAN ____ H+ and produce ______, but compensation takes _____ to _____.

The Lungs can eliminate ______ by increasing respiratory rate, which RAPIDLY compensates for acid-base imbalance.

Answer 3

Eliminate

Eliminate

HCO3-

Hours to Days

CO2

Question 4

On room air at sea level:
pH = ______
PaCO2 = _____
PaO2 = _____

Answer 4

pH = 7.4
PaCO2 = 40
PaO2 = 100

Question 5

Normal HCO3- is _____.

Normal anion gap is _____, and is calculated as AG = __________. If it is greater than normal –> AG ______. If it is less than normal –> Non-AG ______.

Answer 5

24

12

AG = Na - Cl - HCO3

Acidosis

Alkylosis

Question 6

If respiratory acidosis is ACUTE, for every 10 units the PaCO2 goes up above 40, pH will go down by _____. If it is CHRONIC, pH will go down by ____. If pH goes down by a value between those, it’s ACUTE on CHRONIC.

Answer 6

0. 08

0. 04

Question 7

HCO3- value will decrease by ____ for every decrease of _____ in PaCO2 below baseline for Acute Respiratory Acidosis. HCO3- will decrease by ______ for Chronic Respiratory Acidosis.

Acute Respiratory Alkylosis –> HCO3-increases by ____ for every increase of ____ in pCO2.

Chronic Respiratory Alkylosis –> HCO3- increases by ____ for every increase of ____ in pCO2.

Answer 7

1

10

3

2

10

4

10

Question 8

_______, a hormone released during pregnancy, as well as pregnancy itself, can cause Respiratory ______.

Answer 8

Progesterone

Respiratory Alkylosis

Question 9

How is Kussmaul breathing described? Keep in mind it is a compensatory mech for Metabolic ______ caused by Diabetic ______, Acute ____ failure, _____ Acidosis, and _____ or methanol poisoning.

Answer 9

It hyperventialtion with deep, sighing respirations.

Metabolic Acidosis

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Acute Renal Failure

Salicylate or methanol poisoning

Question 10

If CO2 is < _____, it is considered Respiratory alkylosis.

Answer 10

32

Question 11

Winter’s Formula for Predicting pCO2 in Metabolic Acidosis:

pCO2 = (___ x ___) + ____

If the pCO2 is higher than predicted, there is an additional respiratory ______. If it’s lower, _____.

Answer 11

pCO2 = (1.5 x HCO3) + 8

Respiratory Acidosis

Respiratory Alkylosis