Lecture 15 & 16: Therio in Camelids

Question 0

stimuli that cause a camelid to ovulate

Answer 0

• penile cervical penetration
• treading and clasping of male’s legs on female’s back
• guttural humming sounds (orgling)
• substance within seminal plasma (OIF = ovulation inducing factor)

Question 1

follicular wave of camelid

Answer 1

successive follicular waves with long receptivity period and short non-receptive periods

follicular phase repeats until ovulation occurs and continue during luteal phase

Question 2

how do you synchronize follicular growth?

Answer 2

altrenogest (regu-mate) - 2.2mg/45kg daily

prostaglandins - 2 injections 10 days apart

Question 3

what do you give to assist with ovulation: GnRH or hCG?

Answer 3

according to Brittany - GnRH

Question 4

** how large should a follicle be in order to breed?**

Answer 4

greater than 7mm and growing

Question 5

when to inseminate?

Answer 5

before ovulation: 22 - 24 hours after induction of ovulation

after ovulation: within 2 hours after ovulation detection

Question 6

** what horn does pregnancy tend to occur on?**

Answer 6

** the left - 98% of the time! **

Question 7

gestation length?
CL dependent until when?
placenta type?

Answer 7

gestation length = 335 - 360 days
CL dependent: to term. progesterone dependent to term
placenta type: epitheliochorial, diffuse, microcotyledonary, non-deciduate. amnion adhered to chorioallantois

Question 8

indirect pregnancy diagnosis

Answer 8

behavioral refusal

progesterone assay (P4 > or = to 1ng/ml at 21 days after breeding)

Question 9

direct pregnancy diagnosis

Answer 9

rectal palpation > or = 35 days after breeding/ovulation

ultrasound
transrectal: early as 12 - 16 days
transabdominal; 60 - 90 days = left side; > 90 days = right side

Question 10

termination of pregnancy

Answer 10

prostaglandins - IM
cloprosternol
dinoprost
don’t use higher doses - may be life threatening

Question 11

female developmental abnormalities

Answer 11

segmental aplasia
double cervix
double uterus - didelphia
persistent hymen

Question 12

ovarian abnormalities

Answer 12

hypoplasia
cystic follicles
hemorrhagic follicles
neoplasia

Question 13

uterine abnormalities

Answer 13

bacterial endometritis
metritis
uterine scarring (fibrosis)
cystic glandular distension

Question 14

what are some commonly isolated organisms from uterine culture?

Answer 14

strept, e.coli, staph, bacillus, bacteroides, fusobacterium necrophorum

Question 15

what are some testicular abnormalities in camelids?

Answer 15

hypoplasia, degeneration, cryptorchidism, orchitis, hydrocele, neoplasia

Question 16

penile abnormalities?

Answer 16

preputial stricture, persistent frenulum, corkscrew penis, penile deviation, balantis, posthitis

Question 17

**what male accessory sex glands are in the camelid? **

Answer 17

prostate, bulbourethral gland, ampullae

** no vesicular gland!! **

Question 18

should you use steroids in camelids to hasten fetal maturation?

Answer 18

NO!

** steroids cause fetal death in camelids **

Question 19

what is the most common cause of dystocia?

Answer 19

lateral flexion of the head

Question 20

when to intervene in a dystocia?

Answer 20

stage 1 > 6 hours - no vaginal discharge or straining seen

stage 2 > 2 hours