Lecture 15 Flashcards
Malaria
caused by 4 species of Plasmodium
Plasmodium flaciparum
transmitted by bite of infected Anopheles
causes: chills, fever, anemia, hypertrophy (increase in size) of liver and spleen
control: wetland drainage, insecticides, bed netting
treatment
- chloroquine: block heme polymerization
- malarone: blocks transport and pyrimidine synthesis; causes crazy dreams
no vaccines
fungi
spores mycellium hyphae multicellular: mold unicellular: yeast cell wall made of chitin domain: eukarya; kingdom: fungi monophyletic
fungi nutrition
saprophytes: live on dead organic matter
absorptive: secrete enzymes then absorb nutrients
fungi: decomposers
breakdown complex organic compounds including cellulose
mycology
study of fungi
mycoses
disease caused by fungi
mycotoxicosis
poisoning by fungi toxin
aflatoxins: intercalate into DNA
- produced by aspergillus
ergot alkaloids: causes delusions and convulsions
fungi: distribution
mostly terrestrial can be pathogen can be part of human microflora can form beneficial associations - mycorrhizal fungi mutualism with plant roots - lichens: fungi + cyanobacteria
Yeast
unicellular
Saccharomyces cerevisiae: bread, beer, wine
Candida albicans: microflora of mouth, vagina, and intestinal track
fungi sexual production
fusion can create single hypha
distinct nuclei - dikaryon
nuclei can fuse forming diploid zygote
meiosis form haploid spores
Chytridiomycota
simplest fungi
aquatic
motile flagellated zoospore
chytridiomycosis: massive frog deaths
zygomycota
sexual zygospores, asexual sporangiospores
ex. Rhizopus
bread mold
meat tenderizer, birth control agent
ascomycota
sac fungi- ascus
sexual ascospores; asexual conidiospores (airborne dispersal)
ex. Saccharomyces, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Cladosporium
Basidiomycota
club fungi
basidium: bears sexual basidospores
ex. mushrooms, Cryptococcus neoformans
basidiomycota (agaricus)
cultivated, edible mushrooms
