Lecture 15

Question 1

Malaria

Answer 1

caused by 4 species of Plasmodium
Plasmodium flaciparum
transmitted by bite of infected Anopheles
causes: chills, fever, anemia, hypertrophy (increase in size) of liver and spleen
control: wetland drainage, insecticides, bed netting
treatment
- chloroquine: block heme polymerization
- malarone: blocks transport and pyrimidine synthesis; causes crazy dreams
no vaccines

Question 2

fungi

Answer 2

spores
mycellium
hyphae
multicellular: mold
unicellular: yeast
cell wall made of chitin
domain: eukarya; kingdom: fungi
monophyletic

Question 3

fungi nutrition

Answer 3

saprophytes: live on dead organic matter
absorptive: secrete enzymes then absorb nutrients

Question 4

fungi: decomposers

Answer 4

breakdown complex organic compounds including cellulose

Question 5

mycology

Answer 5

study of fungi

Question 6

mycoses

Answer 6

disease caused by fungi

Question 7

mycotoxicosis

Answer 7

poisoning by fungi toxin
aflatoxins: intercalate into DNA
- produced by aspergillus
ergot alkaloids: causes delusions and convulsions

Question 8

fungi: distribution

Answer 8

mostly terrestrial
can be pathogen
can be part of human microflora
can form beneficial associations
- mycorrhizal fungi mutualism with plant roots
- lichens: fungi + cyanobacteria

Question 9

Yeast

Answer 9

unicellular
Saccharomyces cerevisiae: bread, beer, wine
Candida albicans: microflora of mouth, vagina, and intestinal track

Question 10

fungi sexual production

Answer 10

fusion can create single hypha
distinct nuclei - dikaryon
nuclei can fuse forming diploid zygote
meiosis form haploid spores

Question 11

Chytridiomycota

Answer 11

simplest fungi
aquatic
motile flagellated zoospore

chytridiomycosis: massive frog deaths

Question 12

zygomycota

Answer 12

sexual zygospores, asexual sporangiospores
ex. Rhizopus
bread mold
meat tenderizer, birth control agent

Question 13

ascomycota

Answer 13

sac fungi- ascus
sexual ascospores; asexual conidiospores (airborne dispersal)
ex. Saccharomyces, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Cladosporium

Question 14

Basidiomycota

Answer 14

club fungi

basidium: bears sexual basidospores
ex. mushrooms, Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 15

basidiomycota (agaricus)

Answer 15

cultivated, edible mushrooms

Question 16

basidiomycota (amanita)

Answer 16

includes death angel mushrooms
produces amanitin peptide toxin
targets RNA polymerase

Question 17

basidiomycota (cryptococcus neoformans)

Answer 17

human pathogen, central nervous system
produces capsule
AID and immunocompromised patients