Lecture 14- Temporal and occipital lobes

Question 1

What are the learning objectives regarding the temporal and occipital lobes?

Answer 1

Understand the behavioural effects of damage to the occipital lobe and different areas of the temporal lobe.

Question 2

What are the behavioural effects of damage to the occipital lobe?

Answer 2

Damage to the occipital lobe can cause blindness, blindsight, and apperceptive agnosia.

Question 3

What are the main anatomical features of the temporal lobe?

Answer 3

The temporal lobe includes:

*	Lateral Surface: Superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyrus
*	Medial Surface: Medial temporal lobe

Question 4

What are the effects of damage to the superior temporal gyrus?

Answer 4

Damage to the superior temporal gyrus can cause:

*	Deafness
*	Wernicke’s Aphasia
*	Auditory Agnosia

Question 5

What are the effects of damage to the middle and inferior temporal gyrus?

Answer 5

Damage can cause:

*	Achromatopsia (color blindness)
*	Akinetopsia (motion blindness)
*	Ventral Simultagnosia
*	Associative Agnosia

Question 6

What are the effects of damage to the right medial temporal lobe?

Answer 6

Damage to the right medial temporal lobe can result in:

*	OK copying abilities
*	Impaired visual memory

Question 7

What are the effects of damage to the left medial temporal lobe?

Answer 7

Damage to the left medial temporal lobe can result in:

*	OK hearing abilities
*	Impaired verbal memory

Question 8

Who was Patient H.M., and what was significant about his case?

Answer 8

Patient H.M. was a case study involving profound memory impairments, specifically retrograde and anterograde amnesia, but with some spared memories.

Question 9

Despite profound memory impairments, what abilities were spared in patients with medial temporal lobe (MTL) damage?

Answer 9

Abilities such as mirror-drawing and solving the Tower of Hanoi puzzle were spared.

Question 10

What is apperceptive agnosia?

Answer 10

Apperceptive agnosia is a condition where a person cannot recognize objects due to damage to the occipital lobe, despite having intact basic visual functions.

Question 11

What is Wernicke’s Aphasia?

Answer 11

Wernicke’s Aphasia is a condition resulting from damage to the superior temporal gyrus, leading to difficulties in understanding language.

Question 12

What is the difference between retrograde amnesia and anterograde amnesia?

Answer 12

Retrograde amnesia is the loss of pre-existing memories, while anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new memories.