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PHYL3002 CVS and Respiratory > Lecture 14: Respiratory Diseases > Flashcards

Lecture 14: Respiratory Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of respiratory diseases?

A

Obstructive

Restrictive

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2
Q

What is obstructive lung disease?

A

Disease characterised by increased resistance (Airflow is the problem)

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3
Q

What is restrictive lung disease?

A

A lung disease characterised by decreased compliance (lung volume is the problem)

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4
Q

What do you need to know in order to measure compliance?

A

Intrapleural pressure

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5
Q

What do you need to know in order to measure resistance?

A

Alveolar pressure

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6
Q

What can’t spirometry measure?

A

Total Lung Capacity
Functional Residual Capacity
Residual Volume

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7
Q

How do we measure FRC?

A

Plethysmography or He dilution

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8
Q

What values usually fall in restrictive disease?

A

TLC
FRC
RV
VC

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9
Q

How do we calculate FRC?

A

FRC = (c1v1/c2) - v1

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10
Q

How do we measure resistance?

A

Use:
PEF (peak expiratory flow)
FEV1 ( forced expiratory volume in 1 second)
FEV1/FVC (FEV1 over forced vital capacity)
Flow-Volume loops

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11
Q

How does obstructive lung disease present on a Flow-Volume plot?

A

Shorter and shifted left

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12
Q

How does restrictive lung disease present on a Flow-Volume plot?

A

Shorter and shifted right

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13
Q

During forced exhalation pleural pressure is __________.

A

Positive

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14
Q

Compression of the airways limits ________.

A

Flow

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15
Q

Low lung volumes reduce ________ and ______________ and so at low volumes the bronchioles can __________.

A

Recoil
Airway size
Collapse

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16
Q

Asthma is an ____________ inflammatory disease characterised by _____________________ and ____________________.

A

Obstructive
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness
Airway remodelling

17
Q

What is chronic bronchitis?

A

A disease characterised by chronic inflammation and loss of epithelium and thickening of the wall, ASM and mucous glands. Lots of mucus is produced

18
Q

Emphysema is characterised by _______________________ and causes __________ disease and severe ________________.

A

Loss of alveoli
Obstructive
Hyperinflation

19
Q

COPD is a _________ obstructive disease characterised by _______________ and _____________.

A

Common
Loss of alveoli
Chronic airway inflammation

20
Q

What does COPD result in?

A 
V'/Q' mismatch
Pulmonary hypertension 
Obstruction 
Low diffusion 
Right heart failure
21
Q

What is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

A

A condition characterised by the formation of scar tissue in the alveoli for no apparent reason. Reduces lung compliance and inflation. Causes hypoxaemia due to V’/Q’ mismatch and diffusion difficulties.

22
Q

What is usually better in people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis than healthy people and why?

A

FEV1/FVC because there is a greater elastic recoil

PHYL3002 CVS and Respiratory (21 decks)

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