Lecture 14 Proteins Test 2 Flashcards
what are the two main contributors to hyperproteinemia?
Hyperalbuminemia—-› Hemoconcentration
Hyperglobulinemia—-›Chronic antigenic stimulation or B-lymphoid neoplasia
further testing needed!
what is the main cause of Hyperalbuminemia
Dehydration
what are the 3 main globulins that are produced by the liver, and plasma cells
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
what does a broad base gamma peak tell us in serum protein electrophoresis?
indicated chronic antigenic stimulation
Heterogeneousmixture of immunoglobulins
Variable amounts of reactive proteins
what are your primary DfDx with a narrow base peak in a serum protein electrophoresis?
- Usually in γregion-narrow based peak
- Indicates clonal proliferation
of plasma cells/lymphocytes that secrete Ig - Primary differentials:
- Plasma cell neoplasia
- Lymphoma
- Lymphocytic leukemia
Less common:
- Ehrlichia, Leishmania, chronic pyoderma
- Lymphoplasmacyticstomatitis in cats
what are the three main causes of hyperproteinemia
- increased albumen (dehydration)
- ↑ globulins
- chronic antigenic stimulation
- neaplasia of immunoglobulin secreting cells
- ↑ albumin and globulin (panhyperproteinemia
Hemoconcentration (dehydration)
- +/-causes for hyperglobulinemia
- Look at patient, PCV, USG, azotemia, response to fluids to evaluate for dehydration
what are the DfDx for a Monoclonal gammopathy
Plasma cell tumor
Lymphoma
Lymphocytic leukemia
Ehrlichia/Leishmania?
what are the 4 DfDx for Thrombocytopenia?
Decreased production
Destruction
consumption
Sequestration
Define a Panhypoproteinemia
decrease in both
Albumin
globulin
what are some causes of loss of albumin?
Loss
Renal GI 3rdspace Skin Hemorrhage
what are some causes of decreased production of albmin
Decreased production
Liver failure
Inflammation (-APP)
Malabsorption/ maldigestion/
Cachexia
what is 3rd spacing?
when you are putting fluids into a compartment it shouldn’t be in, i.e. abdomen, thoracic cavity…..
what are 5 questions you should ask to help narrow down the cause of hyperalbuminemia?
- Urine analysis: Any protein in the urine?
- Any diarrhea/GI disease?
- History? PCV? Globulin? Melena/hematochezia? Deworming? Exudativeskin disease? Ascitesor pleural effusion?
- Any evidence of liver disease? (remember other liver products!!)
- Evidence of inflammation?…Neutrophilia? Hyperglobulinemia? Hyperfibrinogenemia?
what is the most common test to evaluate FPT?
Hypoglobulinemia
Failure of passive transfer
Acquired immune deficiency
May be normal…
what are the 4 main causes of panhypoproteinemia?
A.Hemorrhage
B.Protein Losing Enteropathy
C.Third space loss/High protein effusion
D.Overhydration
