Lecture 14 Flashcards
Masonry
“Material of earth”
Typically clay stone or concrete pieces stacked for walls to resist forces
Pro of masonry
Can be durable and low maintenance
Con of masonry
Labor intensive
Mortar
Mud pressed into joints for stability
Fourth millennium, peoples of __________ we’re building palaces and temples of stone and sun dried brick
Mesopotamia
First large scale use of masonry arches and roof vaults in temples, basilicas, baths, palaces, and aqueducts
Romans
Industrial revolution brought:
Mechanization of mining, transportation, and production techniques
Portland cement (greater strength)
In the ___th century masonry was displaced by ______ to build tall buildings
19th
Iron/steel frames/reinforced concrete
Pros of hollow concrete block
Cheaper than cut stone and less labor than brick
20th century developments:
Steel reinforced masonry
High strength mortars
Higher structural strength masonr
Mortar
Cushions the masonry units
Seals space between units to prevent water and wind penetration
Adheres the units together
Important to the appearance of the wall
Cement lime mortar ingredients
Portland cement
Hydrated lime
Aggregate (sand)
Water
Hydraulic cements
Cured by chemical reactions with water
When hydraulic cements harden they become
Water insoluble
Mortar must be used before
2.5 hours
Brick masonry is made of
Clay
Brick is unique among masonry for its
Fire resistance
Traditional bricks are shaped to fit
The human hand
Con of brick
Heavy and expensive to ship
3 major methods of molding bricks
Soft mud process
Dry press process
Stuff mud process
Most widely used brick molding method
Stiff mud process (extruding)
Stiff mud process
Moist clay is extruded into rectangular columns and sliced into bricks by wires then dried
Bricks are dried for ______ days in a low temp kiln before firing/burning
One to two days
Periodic kiln
Fixed structure that must be loaded and unloaded
