Lecture 14

Question 1

Describe the basic function of fermentation

Answer 1

To regenerate NAD+ which allows glycolysis to continue the production of ATP

Question 2

Compare the fate of pyruvate in alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation

Answer 2

In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is converted straight to lactate by muscle lactate dehydrogenase
In Alcohol fermentation pyruvate is converted to Acetylaldehyde by pyruvate decarboxylase, then converted into ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 3

Compare the processes of fermentation and aerobic cellular respiration.

Answer 3

Both start from glucose which is converted into pyruvate. In aerobic respiration, from then pyruvate would be transferred to the citric acid cycle and then the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. While in an anaerobic respiration, fermentation occurs which converts pyruvate into lactate which is then converted into ethanol and CO2

Question 4

Describe the evidence that suggests glycolysis is an ancient metabolic pathway.

Answer 4

Glycolysis occurs in almost all organisms except some bacteria and archaea
*Glycolysis occurs without an organelle
*can function in anacrobic conditions like that of Ancient Earth

Question 5

acetaldehyde

Answer 5

Produced in alcohol fermentation. 2 Pyruvate converted to 2 acetaldehyde by pyruvate decarboxylase

Question 6

aerobic

Answer 6

Uses oxygen to generate atp

Question 7

alcohol dehydrogenase

Answer 7

Enzyme that converts acetylaldehyde into ethanol

Question 8

Anaerobic

Answer 8

Does not use oxygen to produce atp

Question 9

CO2

Answer 9

2 CO2 produced by pyruvate to acetylaldehyde conversion

Question 10

Ethanol

Answer 10

2 ethanol; product of alcohol fermentation

Question 11

facultative anaerobe

Answer 11

Organisms that grow and produce ATP with or without oxygen

Question 12

Glucose

Answer 12

1 glucose; starting material for glycolysis and fermentation

Question 13

Glycolysis

Answer 13

Process of breaking down glucose to make ATP

Question 14

Lactate

Answer 14

2 lactate; product of lactic acid fermentation

Question 15

Lactate dehydrogenase

Answer 15

Enzyme that converts pyruvate to lactate in lactic acid fermentation

Question 16

NAD+

Answer 16

Converts into NADH during fermentation

Question 17

NADH

Answer 17

Recycled back into NAD+ during fermentation process which allows glycolysis process to continue

Question 18

pyruvate decarboxylase

Answer 18

Enzyme that converts pyruvate into acetylaldhyde