Lecture 14

Question 1

Intelligence Definition

Answer 1

Ability to perceive information, retain it, and apply it to adaptive behaviors in the environment.

Question 1

Neocortex Definition and Purpose (vs DVR)

Answer 1

“Grey matter,” “Outer bark” that controls higher functions and conscious thought – ours is crunched up because we have so much. Birds do not have neocortexes, but have Dorsal-Ventricular-Ridge (DVR) that serves similar purpose and originated from similar structures.

Question 2

Crows and Facial Recognition

Answer 2

Crows remembering faces after 10 years, even passing on this information to later generations and other crows (social learning). Mobbing and showing aggressive behavior to specific face that banded them.

Question 3

Mirror Test (Animal Examples of Fail and Pass)

Answer 3

Using mirror to see if animals have an “attribution of self” – pass if they wipe color off their own face and not their reflection in the mirror.
PASS: Children ages 2+, some chimps and all other great apes, some dolphins, cleaner fish, elephants, some bird species.
FAIL: Capuchins and all other monkey species.

Question 4

Tool Use & Female Primates

Answer 4

More female primates using tools (ie spears) than males even though there are more males – easier for males to hunt using brute force, and females have to get food w/o threatening pregnancy or infant care – use spears, termite fishing, stones to smash nuts.

Question 5

Difference Between Rat vs. Primate in Assessing Stimuli

Answer 5

Rats are more instinctual (run or fight), while primates are better at manipulating social settings (will think one way and act another).

Question 6

Machiavellian Intelligence Definition

Answer 6

Deceiving social companions in order to gain a reward.

Question 7

Experiment with Children and Lying

Answer 7

Children ages 2+ lying about looking/playing with a hidden toy – the children who lied had a higher verbal IQ than those who did not.

Question 8

Theory of Mind Definition (and Chimp example)

Answer 8

Perceiving the mental perspective of another, responding to what they believe the other is thinking rather than outward actions – 1st, 2nd, and 3rd order of who’s thinking what (ex: Figan the Chimp and the unseen banana).