Lecture 13 Learning and memory

Question 1

What do distinct dopamine receptors underlie

Answer 1

Temporal sensitivity to associative learning

Question 2

What is important in regards to when the odour must occur

Answer 2

If odour is before the shock, then you learn to avoid the odour
However if the odour is after the shock then you learn that the odour is good as it is associated with the relief of pain

Question 3

What is the significance of when the odour occurs

Answer 3

Flies learn BACKWARDS if the shock is before the odour

Question 4

Forward pairing is

Answer 4

The local depression of KC-MBON synapse by DANs (specifically the reward - approach )
i.e. odour is before the shock
CONDITIONED AVOIDANCE

Question 5

Backward pairing is

Answer 5

The local potentiation of KC-MBON synapse by DANS
(specifically the reward - approach)
i.e. odour after the shock
CONDITIONED APPROACH

Question 6

Name 2 dopamine receptors

Answer 6

DopR1

DopR2

Question 7

What is associated with the receptors

Answer 7

DopR1 - acquisition

DopR2 - forgetting

Question 8

Describe the DopR1 pathway when activated

Answer 8

Gs
AC
cAMP
cAMP active = depression of synapse 
odour before the reward - forward pairing  = acquisition

Question 9

Describe the DopR2 pathway when activated

Answer 9

Gq
PLC
IP3
IP3R
Ca2+ from ER
POTENTIATION of synapse
backward reaction i.e. odour after reward/shock

Question 10

cAMP and ER Ca2+ is present when

Answer 10

cAMP forward and backward - depression

ER Ca2+ backward only - potentiation

Question 11

Significance of when cAMP and ER Ca2+ is present

Answer 11

Forward and backward pairing acts on different signalling pathways

Question 12

When is ER CA2+ released

Answer 12

Only is IP3 precedes Ca2+

Question 13

Where is the mushroom body conserved in humans

Answer 13

Cerebellum

Question 14

What occurs with training is insect mushroom body

Answer 14

reduces wrong behaviour

Question 15

What does cerebellum mediate

Answer 15

Cerebellum mediates motor learning, which is partly about correcting “wrong” movements

Question 16

Describe motor learning in cerebellum

Answer 16

mossy fibre –> granule cell which has parallel fibres
multiple mossy fibred simulatenously activated to stimulate granule cell

Purkinje cells insect parallel fibres like MBONS do and gets inputs from parallel fibres of granule cells
Purkinje only activated if simulatenous MF activated

Climbing fibre depress synapse between granule and purkinje = LTD = drives learning e.g. if motor error

Question 17

What do weakly electric fish contain

Answer 17

Electrosensory lobe

Cerebellar like structure

Question 18

Pathway in electric fish

Answer 18

Use efferent copy (vs climbing fibre) to cause LTD in synapse between granule and purkinje to learn to ignore their own electric signals self generated

Question 19

WHy does pathway of electric fish work

Answer 19

Create electric field at same time they start recording

so get depression of synapse