Lecture 13: Food to Molecules

Question 1

What is the broad reaction of what food is converted to in the body?

Answer 1

Food + O2 –> ATP + NADH + CO2 + H20

Question 2

What are the three main stages of food breakdown?

Answer 2

1. The breakdown of food into simple subunits. (proteins to amino acids, polysaccharides to simple sugars, fats into fatty acids and glycerol)
2. Breakdown of simple subunits to Acetyl CoA, limited amount of ATP and NADH produced.
3. Complete oxidation of Acetyl CoA to H20 and CO2, large amount of ATP produced in mitochondria.

Question 3

What is NADH and it’s function?

Question 4

***** What is the order of the GI tract?

Answer 4

• Mouth (mastication)
• Salivary glands
• Stomach
• Duodenum (

Question 5

What is the terminal web of intestinal epithelium?

Answer 5

Actin filaments from the microvilli on the surface of the cells extend down into the cytoplasm of the cells

Question 6

What do the words apical and basal mean?

Answer 6

The apical membrane would be the membrane facing the lumen and the basal would be the opposite and facing the basement membrane and other tissues.

Question 7

** Look at stomach cells and make notes.