Lecture 13 & 14: Structural Organisation of the Human Body

Question 1

tissues?

Answer 1

groups of similar cells and their extracellular products organised to perform a common function.

Question 2

what are the different types of tissue?

Answer 2

epithelial, nervous, muscle and connective tissue

Question 3

epithelial tissue?

Answer 3

covers body surfaces, lines cavities and forms glands.

Question 4

nervous tissue?

Answer 4

receives, transmits and integrates information to control body activities.

Question 5

muscle tissue?

Answer 5

responsible for movement, support of body parts and movement of materials within body.

Question 6

connective tissue?

Answer 6

supports the other tissues

Question 7

extracellular matrix?

Answer 7

located outside the cells, produced by the cells of a specific tissue and can contain proteins, salts, H20 and dissolved macromolecules.

Question 8

two types of connective tissue?

Answer 8

transverse section (uneven lines), longitudinal section (straightish lines).

Question 9

structure of muscle cell fibres?

Answer 9

cell (fibres) are long and thin. they contain: many nuclei, myofibrils and myofilaments.

Question 10

different types of connective tissue?

Answer 10

loose, fibrous, cartilage, bones

Question 11

loose connective tissue?

Answer 11

most widespread in body, between/around organs, beneath epithelia, endomysium layer. Roles: support, fat storage.

Question 12

fibrous connective tissue?

Answer 12

found in ligaments and tendons: dense with bundles of collagen fibers, limits range of motion, transmits force from muscle to bone.

Question 13

cartilage connective tissue?

Answer 13

smooth elastic connective tissue, covers and protects the ends of long bones at the joints. located between the ribs, in the ear, nose etc.

Question 14

bone connective tissue?

Answer 14

mineralised connective tissue

Question 15

osteons?

Answer 15

concentric layers of the mineralised matrix around blood vessels in compact bone.

Question 16

supine position of human body?

Answer 16

laid flat on back

Question 17

prone position?

Answer 17

laid down face down

Question 18

What are the two major regions that the body can be divided into?

Answer 18

Axial and appendicular

Question 19

axial?

Answer 19

head, neck, trunk (vertical axis of body)

Question 20

appendicular?

Answer 20

upper and lower limbs

Question 21

what are the dorsal body cavities?

Answer 21

cranial cavity and vertebral cavity

Question 22

what are the ventral body cavities?

Answer 22

thoracic body cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity

Question 23

The different directional terminology?

Answer 23

anterior/posterior, medial/lateral, superior/inferior, proximal/distal.

Question 24

ipsilateral?

Answer 24

upper and lower limb on same side

Question 25

contralateral?

Answer 25

upper and lower limb on contrasting sides.

Question 26

the different planes and corresponding axes?

Answer 26

saggital plane - coronal axis, coronal plane - saggital (anterior posterior) axis, transverse plane - longitudinal axis.

Question 27

what is the saggital plane? examples and demonstration.

Answer 27

divides the body into left and right and are the forward and backwards movements of the body e.g. flexion, extension, hyperflexion, dorsiflexion, plantarflexion.

Question 28

what is the coronal plane? examples and demonstration.

Answer 28

divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back). where the lateral movements occur. e.g. abduction and adduction, inversion and eversion.