Lecture 13

Question 1

Who discovered cells?

Answer 1

Robert Hooke

Question 2

Who developed cell theory

Answer 2

Schleiden and Schwann

Question 3

What are the 3 tenants of cell theory (who created the 3rd tenant)

Answer 3

1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
2. The cell is the most basic unit of life
3. All cells arise only from pre-existing cells ( unicellular and multicellular)
   (Rudolf Virchow)

Question 4

What are the 9 basic properties of cells?

Answer 4

1. Highly complex and organized
2. Activity is controlled by a genetic program
3. Can reproduce
4. Assimilate and utilize energy
5. Carries out many chemical rxns (enzymes)
6. Engage in mechanical activities (N/A for plant cells)
7. Respond to stimuli
8. Can self regulate
9. They evolve

Question 5

What are the 3 components that make a cell?

Answer 5

Information
Chemistry
Compartments

Question 6

Describe the information component of the cell

Answer 6

• cells contain DNA, genes and RNA that provides info to build various proteins
• transcription and translation occurs (control/self regulation is very important)
• genetic info is to other cells during division/growth

-multicellular organisms become specialized through differentiation (information make the specific cell)

-RBCs undergo enucleation, don’t contain DNA and doesn’t synthesize RNA (no nuclei and organelles), short lifespan, maximizes hemoglobin carrying capacity

• differentiation also done in microbes

Question 7

Describe the chemistry component of the cell

Answer 7

• Oparin and Haldane created primordial soup hypothesis ( earth conditions made 6 organic complex compounds that could form other compounds)
• pre-biotic chemistry: experiment that stimulated conditions on earth to test the chemical origin of life (creates a simple organic compound)
• created amino acids, simple sugars found in nucleotides and lipids that form primitive membranes

Question 8

Describe the compartment component of the cells

Answer 8

Single or double layer membrane

Includes mitochondria, chloroplasts, cell nucleus, vesicles and endoplasmic reticulum

Establish physical boundaries and creates a micro-environment to regulate biological processes

Question 9

What are the features of prokaryotic cells

Answer 9

Archaea, bacteria and eukarya

Single cell organism
Small ribosomes
Reproduce sexually and asexually
No nucleus or organelles
Genetic material found in nucleoid

Question 10

What are the typical features of eukaryotic cells

Answer 10

Protozoa, fungi, plants and animals

Found in multicellular organisms sometimes unicellular
Nucleus contain genetic material
Membrane bound organelles
Larger ribosomes