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becky: GAIT > LECTURE 12: RUNNING > Flashcards

LECTURE 12: RUNNING Flashcards

1
Q

stance phase of running is _%

A

40%
IC, midstance, toe off + float phase 1

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2
Q

swing phase of running is _%

A

60%
initial swing
midswing
terminal swing
+ float phase 2

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3
Q

during IC, how much knee flexion should you have?

A

20-30 for shock absorption

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4
Q

how much hip extension during toe off

A

5-10 extension

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5
Q

how much knee flexion during midswing

A

120-130 flexion
(end range knee flexion)

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6
Q

IC mm activity

A

big stabilizing phase
glute max/med isometric
quad eccentric control
hamstring reduce anterior tib translation
tib ant eccentric control of foot drop
post tib eccentric control of pronation

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7
Q

What injury do you see often during IC?

A

hamstring strain proximally

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8
Q

mid stance mm activity

A

Gluteus Max concentric contraction for hip extension
Gluteus Med and Min support hip and knee
Hamstrings concentrically control tibia as knee extends
**Posterior Tib **eccentrically controls pronation and readies to complete rocker motion

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9
Q

toe off phase mm activity

A

all gastroc/soleus! concentric PROPULSION
also iliopsoas eccentric contraction for potential energy of initial swing

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10
Q

initial swing mm activity

A

Iliopsoas potential energy now released as leg
“slingshots” forward

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11
Q

midswing mm activity

A

tib ant concentric DF

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12
Q

terminal swing mm activity

A

hamstrings eccentric control knee extension

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13
Q

_ is most common site of injury for new runners

A

knee

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14
Q

highest injury rate at age _

A

12-14 (peak height velocity, bone mineral content)

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15
Q

decreased risk of OA in _ runners compared to sedentary and competitive

A

recreational

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16
Q

What are the 2 biggest risk factors of running injury

A
  1. Hx of LE injury (not healed original injury, uncorrected biomech problem)
  2. training error (low/high running freq, high running distance, overload principle)
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17
Q

bone stress injury

  • Focal tenderness along medial
    border of tibia
  • Soft-tissue swelling and redness
  • Pain with Activity → Pain with ADLs
A

MTSS: medial tibial stress syndrome or SHIN SPLINTS

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18
Q

cause of shin splints/ MTSS

A

stress reaction –> stress fx
osteoclast resorbption exceeds osteoblast formation due to insufficient recovery

*if you get an image in acute phase, prob won’t see anything

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19
Q

special tests for shin splints

A

fulcrum test
tuning fork sign
bump test: bump their heel like ground force with running

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20
Q

factors to address with running injury (bone stress injury)

A
  1. activity mod (rest, low impact aerobic)
  2. RED-S
  3. Gait Analysis (if shin splints yes, if stress fx, wait)
21
Q

What else can we do to improve bone stress injuries?

A

plyometrics
load bones in multidirections
few reps, high loads progressing, several times a day

22
Q

what is the most common running related MSK injury in knee

23
Q

TTP medial and lateral patella facets
Retropatellar creptitus
Pain with prolonged sitting

24
Q

Cooke et. al. PFPS cluster:

A

pain with resisted knee extension
pain with squat
pain with kneeling
3/3 = 89% specificity

25
PFPS: stride length and cadence have an _ relationship
inverse decrease stride length: increase cadence *changes GRFs and shock/impact
26
how to change someone's heel strike to a non-rearfoot strike?
decrease stride length *for PFPS * ↓ average and peak vertical loading rate * ↓ knee flexion ROM * ↓ patellofemoral joint stress * ↑ peak internal ankle PF moment
27
Where does the ITB attach?
* Proximal Attachment: superficial and deep layers that attach to TFL and gluteus maximus anchoring to the iliac crest * Distal Attachment: Courses over lateral femoral epicondyle and attaches at Gerdy’s Tubercle
28
What is cause of ITB syndrome?
compression against a layer of highly innervated fat that intervenes between the ITB and the epicondyle.”
29
How to address ITB syndrome?
proximal attachments! glute max, TFL
30
what does foam rolling the ITB do?
3 min of foam rolling helps with temporary pain relief for 5 minutes
31
when should you change your shoe?
200-300 miles
32
how long should you have someone run for during eval?
5+ minutes
33
5 types of running deviations
1. overstrider 2. collapser 3. weaver 4. bouncer 5. glute amnesiac
34
Overstrider looks like:
* Strike far from COM * Ankle DF and knee FLX at initial contact * Tibial inclination behind the vertical ## Footnote address with cadence, metronome, verb cueing, therex, running wall drill, dynamic drill (run quietly, take quicker steps)
35
collapser looks like:
* Hip ADD * Knee flexion at mid-stance * Contralateral pelvic drop CAUSES PFPS ## Footnote knee window!
36
treatment for collapser:
Strengthening Hip, Pelvis, Core Stability Examples SL Bridge with rotation SL RDL Lateral Step Down Crossover Step Up *Utilize “Runner’s Pose”
37
What does a weaver look like?
crossover at IC shoe wear on the lateral side decreased knee gap ## Footnote feet are in one line with each other, may see some neural tension and lateral hip stuff
38
weaver: treatment
increase Cadence ↓ time available to crossover Visual Cue (White Tape)
39
what does the bouncer look like?
Vertical Oscillation “Pony Tail” sign Noise
40
how to address bouncer in treatment
increase cadence metronome verbal cueing (running in a tunnel) therex running wall drill
41
What does a glute amnesiac look like?
trunk lean decreased hip extension
42
How to treat a glute amnesiac?
glute max activation make sure they have ROM in extension (manual therapy) hip and core stability
43
abductory twist/heel whip is usually an indication that ___
something up the chain *hip stability *where is someone placing their foot?
44
someone with a higher heel toe drop will most likely be a
heel striker
45
What is a stability shoe?
normal to low arch mild to mod pronation
46
rigid orthotics are designed for
motion control * Commonly made of plastic or carbon fiber * Made from mold of individual’s foot
47
semi rigid orthotics are designed for
* Designed for balance, walking, and participating in sports * Made up of layers of soft material, reinforced with more rigid materials
48
soft orthotics
* Absorb shock * Increase balance * Take pressure off uncomfortable or sore spots.

becky: GAIT (8 decks)

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