Lecture 12-MT2

Question 1

Palindromic repeats in CRISPR are longer than…?

Answer 1

3 bp and are semi palindromic

Question 2

Primers are always specified in which direction?

Answer 2

5’ to 3’

Question 3

What is BLAST?

Answer 3

A search tool that finds similarities between sequence of interest and genetic databases
-tells us which virus gave us spacer

Question 4

What is the expected value in BLAST?

Answer 4

Range of expected matches by chance in database

Question 5

What do we want the expected value to be?

Answer 5

Want it to be way less than 1
-lower the value = the more significant the hit

Question 6

What does a high E value mean in blast?

Answer 6

the specimen is there by chance

Question 7

What is horizontal gene transfer?

Answer 7

Movement of DNA between prokaryotes
-can occur in eukaryotes

Question 8

3 ways of horizontal gene transfer

Answer 8

1. Transformation
2. Conjugation
3. Transduction

Question 9

Explain transformation

Answer 9

A cell gets lysed and releases its DNA, a nearby healthy cell will uptake its DNA

Question 10

Explain conjugation

Answer 10

DNA is exchanged through plasmid
-bacteria go on a date and exchange info

Question 11

Explain transduction

Answer 11

Transfers DNA by virus through phage

Question 12

What is a normal microbiome?

Answer 12

Produces bacteriocins/other compounds to inhibit/kil intruders
-has CRISPR-Cas system to block intruders

Question 13

True or false: CRISPR-Cas can block any type of foreign DNA inside the cell, including phages

Answer 13

False
-cannot necessarily block phage