Lecture 12 - Cardio Regen Flashcards
At day 15 of development, ______ cells begin to form the ventricle field, atrial field, and the _____ (which gives rise to the pulmonary artery and aorta.)
Mesenchymal cells
Conotrunkus
“______” of the heart takes place around day 28 of development and is characterized by anterior and superior movement of the atria from the bottom of the heart.
Looping
At day 28 of development, the ____ forms between the atria and ventricles.
AV valve
At about day ____ of development, the heart is fully formed, with septa.
50
The endocardial cushion structure is comprised of ______ cells and gives rise to the ___ and ____ valves.
Mesenchymal cells
Mitral and Tricuspid
______ is the process by which the heart creates finger-like structures used for ____ absorption before the coronary arteries form.
Trabeculation
O2
The _____ heart field of the developing heart (crescent) gives rise to the left ventricle. Both atria are derived from a combination of the two heart fields. All of the other heart structures are derived from the _____ heart field.
Primary
Secondary
There are only two main tissue layers in the linear tube stage of cardiac development :
- _____
- _____
- Endocardium
2. Myocardium
Some endocardial cells acquire the ability to migrate via an _____-_____ transition. They all migrate to the area between the myo and endocardium where they form the ______ cushion (gives rise to the AV valve cushion and OFT cushion.) Keep in mind the OFT is unique in that it has _____ _____ cells (ectoderm that will give rise to mesoderm) as well.
Endothelial-Mesenchymal transition
Neural Crest cells
The key difference between the AV valve cushion and the OFT cushion is the latter contains ____ ____ cells.
Neural Crest
The epicardium is the last tissue layer to develop in the heart and is derived from _______. The epicardial cells go on to form the ______ arteries.
Proepicardium
Coronary
The heart has limited proliferative capacity as it replenishes ____ of the total Cardiac myocytes in one’s lifespan.
Half
Cardiac Stem cells are ______ + while Cardiac Progenitor cells are ______ +. The latter can ONLY give rise to ______, while cardiac stem cells can give rise to any cardiac cell type.
c-kit+
Isl+
Cardiac Stem cells are mostly concentrated in the ____ of the heart while Cardiac Progenitor cells can be found in neonatal tissues of the _____ atrium. The latter need to be cultured in conjunction with ____ cells that secrete appropriate growth factors.
Apex
Left atrium
Feeder Cells
Only the _____ heart field is Isl+, meaning cardiac progenitor cells can only come from there.
Secondary
