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BIODIV > Lecture 12: Angiosperms (Eudicots) > Flashcards

Lecture 12: Angiosperms (Eudicots) Flashcards

1
Q

What order does Papaveraceae and Ranunculaceae come from?

A

Ranunculales

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2
Q

What TYPE of plant is the family Papaveraceae?

A

Herbs with milky or coloured latex

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3
Q

What are the LEAVES of the family Papaveraceae?

A

alternate

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4
Q

What are the FLOWERS of the family Papaveraceae?

A

actinomorphic, bisexual

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5
Q

What is the CALYX of the family Papaveraceae?

A

sepals 2, distinct, falling at flowering

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6
Q

What is the COROLLA of the family Papaveraceae?

A

4-12 free petals

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7
Q

What is the ANDROECIUM of the family Papaveraceae?

A

many stamens

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8
Q

What is the GYNOECIUM of the family Papaveraceae?

A

syncarpous, 2- inf. carpels; ovary superior.

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9
Q

What is the flora formula of the family Papaveraceae?

A

*K:2 C:4-12 A:inf. G(2- inf)

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10
Q

In the genera Papaver, the latex is ____ the leaves are ______ the petals are ____ and the capsule has _____.

A

Latex: white

Leaves: pinnate venation

Petals: 4

Capsule: opening through pores

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11
Q

How can you tell how many carpels are in Papaver?

A

Rays in stigma (centre) = # of carpels

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12
Q

______ is the world’s leading supplier of opium

A

Afghanistan

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13
Q

The ______ between China and the British Empire took place in the late 1830s when the Chinese attempted to stop the sale of opium by Britain, in China.

A

Opium Wars

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14
Q

Why is the poppy on the $20 incorrect?

A

There is 5 petals instead of 4

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15
Q

In the genera Sanguinaria, the latex is ____ the leaves are ______ the petals are ____ and the capsule has _____.

A

Latex: orange-red

Leaves: palmate venation

Petals: 8-12

Capsule: opening through valves

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16
Q

______ which is obtained from the root, is used as a dental plaque inhibitor

A

Sanguinarine

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17
Q

Question: What is the difference between Sanguinaria and papaver?

A

Papaver has capsules that open through pores while sanguinaria open through valves

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18
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of eudicots?

A

Seedlings with 2 cotyledons

Vascular bundles arranged on one circle in the stems

Leaves with pinnate or palmate venation (monocots have parallel)

Flowers 4 or 5-merous (monocots have 3)

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19
Q

What TYPE of plant is the family Ranunculaceae?

A

Herbs; often toxic

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20
Q

What are the LEAVES of the family Ranunculaceae?

A

alternate, simple or compound

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21
Q

What are the FLOWERS of the family Ranunculaceae?

A

bisexual, radial or zygomorphic.

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22
Q

What are the TEPALS of the family Ranunculaceae?

A

4 to inf., or perianth differentiated in sepals and petals (usually 5).

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23
Q

What is the ANDROECIUM of the family Ranunculaceae?

A

inf.

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24
Q

What is the GYNOECIUM of the family Ranunculaceae?

A

apocarpous (means aggregate fruit); carpels 5 to inf; ovary superior.

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25
Q

What is the FRUIT of the family Ranunculaceae?

A

usually aggregate of achenes or follicles

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26
Q

Which 3 genera are aggregate of achenes and which 3 genera are aggregates of follicles?

A

Ranunculus, Anemon, Thalicrum

Caltha, Aquilegia, Aconitum

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27
Q

Buttercups are usually toxic with ______.

A

Alkaloids

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28
Q

What are the LEAVES of Ranunculus?

A

palmately divided

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29
Q

What are the FLOWERS of Ranunculus?

A

Flowers: 5 sepals; 5 petals with a nectar-producing basal portion covered by a scale.

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30
Q

What is the FRUIT of Ranunculus?

A

aggregate of achenes

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31
Q

What is the difference between Ranunculus and Anemone?

A

Anemone Flowers = Flowers: without sepals; 5 tepals without a nectar-producing basal portion;

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32
Q

True or False: Various parts of Anemone canadensis were used medicinally by Native Americans in the treatment of wounds, nasal haemorrhages, eye problems, and sore throats

A

True

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33
Q

What flower is talked about mythologically in the death of Adonis?

A

red anemone flower (Anemone coronaria) from his blood.

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34
Q

What are the LEAVES of the genera caltha?

A

serrate

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35
Q

What are the FLOWERS of the genera caltha?

A

sepals absent; 5 (sometimes >) tepals without a nectar -producing basal portion.

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36
Q

What is the FRUIT of the genera caltha?

A

aggregate of follicles

37
Q

What is caltha used for?

A

Native Americans used various preparations of the roots of Caltha palustris medicinally to treat colds and sores, as an aid in childbirth and to induce vomiting, and as a protection against love charms

38
Q

What are the LEAVES of the genera Thalictrum?

A

pinnately compound or trifoliate

39
Q

What are the FLOWERS of the genera Thalictrum?

A

4 green tepals; unisexual; male flowers with pendulous stamens

40
Q

What is the FRUIT of the genera Thalictrum?

A

aggregate of achenes.

41
Q

True or False: Pollination is done by wind for the genera Thalictrum?

A

True

42
Q

Where can T. dioicum be found?

A

Dry to moist, often rocky woods.

43
Q

What are the LEAVES of the genera Aquilegia?

A

pinnately compound

44
Q

What are the FLOWERS of the genera Aquilegia?

A

5 tepals, each tepal

with a spur (where nectar is, pollinated by hummingbirds and butterflies)

45
Q

What is the FRUIT of the genera Aquilegia?

A

aggregate of follicles

46
Q

Where can A. canadensis be found?

A

Dry to moist forests, rock barrens & cliffs

47
Q

What is Aquilegia used for?

A

Native Americans prepared infusions from various parts of plants of Aquilegia canadensis to treat heart trouble, kidney problems, headaches, bladder problems, and fever, and as a wash for poison ivy; pulverized seeds were used as love charms; and a compound was used to detect bewitchment

48
Q

True or False: Most ornamental cultivars and hybrids come from Aquilegia vulgaris

A

True

49
Q

_____ is the most poisonous group of plants in the world.

A

Aconitum

50
Q

What are the LEAVES of the genera Aconitum?

A

palmately divided

51
Q

What are the FLOWERS of the genera Aconitum?

A

zygomorphic; 5 tepals, one tepal shaped like a hood

52
Q

What is the FRUIT of the genera Aconitum?

A

aggregate of follicles.

53
Q

Where can A. columbianum be found?

A

Moist woods

54
Q

______ has been ascribed with supernatural powers relating to werewolves, either to repel them, relating to ______ use in poisoning wolves and other animals, or in some way induce their lycanthropic condition,

A

Aconite x2

55
Q

Andre Noble died of _____ poisoning (2004) after accidentally ingesting monkshood on a camping trip in Newfoundland.

A

aconitine

56
Q

Which is the only ranunculus with zygomorphic flowers?

A

Aconitum

57
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of the Fagales order?

A

mostly woody plants; unisexual flowers with sepaloid tepals, inferior ovary

58
Q

What TYPE of plant is the family Fagaceae?

A

Trees & shrubs

59
Q

What are the LEAVES of the family Fagaceae?

A

alternate, simple

60
Q

What are the FLOWERS of the family Fagaceae?

A

unisexual with sepaloid tepals.

61
Q

What are the INFLORESCENCES of the family Fagaceae? (Male and Female)

A
  • male flowers in catkins.

- female flowers grouped 1 to 3 in a cup resulted from the fusion of many little bracts

62
Q

What is the FRUIT of the family Fagaceae?

A

achenes (nuts) accompanied or enclosed by cup

63
Q

______ genera = cup scaly, partially encloses one female flower and later one nut (acorn

______ genera = cup spiny or prickled (but the surface of cup is visible) totally encloses 2 female flowers and later nuts.

_______ genera = Cupules spiny (densely so: you cannot see the surface of the cup) completely enclose 3 female flower and later nuts.

A

Quercus
Fagus
Castanea

64
Q

What are the LEAVES of the genera Quercus (oak)?

A

commonly lobed

macrocarpa – Bur oak:
Rounded leaf lobes & cup with fringed margins

rubra – Red oak: cuspidate-acuminate lobes & smooth cup

65
Q

The seeds of Q. ______ are considered to be one of the most palatable of all the oaks

A

macrocarpa

66
Q

What are the LEAVES of the genera Fagus (beech)?

A

Serrate

67
Q

_____ seeds are an important source of food for wildlife

A

Fagus

68
Q

What are the LEAVES of the genera Castanea (Chestnut)?

A

deeply serrate

69
Q

After 1930, most populations of Castanea dentata were nearly destroyed by the ______ caused by the introduced fungus ______

A

chestnut blight

Cryphonectria parasitica

70
Q

What TYPE of plant is the family Betulaceae?

A

Trees & shrubs

71
Q

What are the LEAVES of the family Betulaceae?

A

alternate, simple

72
Q

What is the INFLORESCENCE of the family Betulaceae? (M and F)

A

male flowers in catkins.

  • female flowers with bract(s) at base, arranged in catkins with simple cymes OR in clusters with 1-5 flowers
73
Q

What are the FLOWERS of the family Betulaceae?

A

unisexual, with sepaloid tepals

74
Q

What is the FRUIT of the family Betulaceae?

A

samaras or achenes (nuts) accompanied by bracts (which sometimes form an involucre at base)

75
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of the genera Betula?

A

Often whitish- bark

Female catkins disarticulate

Bracts 3-lobed

Fruit samara

76
Q

True or False: Paper birch is a pioneer species that cannot tolerate shade. It rapidly colonizes open disturbed sites created by wildfire or windthrow, but lasts only one generation before being replaced by shade-tolerant conifers or northern hardwoods

A

True

77
Q

What are the 2 characteristics of Corylus (Hazelnut)?

A

Only male fl in catkins; female fl grouped 1-5.

Fruit: nut with an involucre at base

78
Q

Where can Corylus americana

grow?

A

C. americana grows along streams, hedgerows, meadows, woodlands, roadsides, and forest margins. It is shade tolerant, it can grow under a light intensity of 15% or less; even as low as 1%. `

79
Q

What TYPE of plant is the family Juglandaceae?

A

Trees & shrubs

80
Q

What are the LEAVES of the family Juglandaceae?

A

alternate, pinnately compound

81
Q

What is the INFLORESCENCES of the family Juglandaceae? (M and F)

A
  • male flowers in catkins.

- female flowers 1-3.

82
Q

What are the FLOWERS of the family Juglandaceae?

A

unisexual, with sepaloid tepals.

83
Q

What are the FRUITS of the family Juglandaceae?

A

drupe-like

84
Q

What are the differences between J. nigra and J. cinera?

A

J. cinerea: Pith dark chocolate brown; fruit (also the nut within) ovoid-oblong; terminal leaflet present on mature leaves, not strongly reduced in size compared to the adjacent lateral

J. nigra: Pith pale (tan to cream); fruit spherical; terminal leaflet absent or much smaller than the adjacent lateral leaflet

85
Q

_____ genera have usually larger leaflets.

A

Carya (hickory)

86
Q

True or False: The best known use of black walnut is for its lumber and veneer.

A

True

87
Q

True or False: hickories are also valued for the utility and beauty of their wood, for their ornamental value in the landscape, and for their quality as a fuel wood

A

True

88
Q

Describe the fruit of the Juglandaceae family?

A

The fruit is a partially dehiscent drupe. The fleshy part of the pericarp dries out, brakes apart and is gradually removed. However, the lignified endocarp continues to enclose the seed.

BIODIV (5 decks)

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