lecture 12

Question 1

population

Answer 1

localised group of individuals of the same species

Question 2

gene pool

Answer 2

total aggregate of genes (and their alleles) in the population at one time

Question 3

motivation for Hardy-Weinberg thereom

Answer 3

allele frequencies remain constant over time unless acted upon by evolutionary forces

Question 4

assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg Theorem

Answer 4

large population size
random mating
no migration 
no mutation
no natural selection

Question 5

allele frequency equation 1

Answer 5

p + q = 1

Question 6

genotypic frequency 2 alleles equation 2

Answer 6

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1

Question 7

genotypic frequency 3 alleles

Answer 7

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 + 2pr + 2qr + r^2

Question 8

Ways in which allele frequencies change

Answer 8

types of mating
random genetic drift
bottleneck effect
founder effect
natural selection
gene flow/migration
mutation

Question 9

random genetic drift

Answer 9

a random change in allele frequencies due to sampling error over generations

Question 10

bottleneck effect

Answer 10

big population reduction and diversity with altered allele frequencies

Question 11

founder effect

Answer 11

only a few individuals establish a new population with less genetic diversity

Question 12

types of selection

Answer 12

stabilising, directional, disruptive

Question 13

sexual selection

Answer 13

attracting a mate

Question 14

frequency dependent selection

Answer 14

every year phenotypes fluctuate

Question 15

cline

Answer 15

gradual change in phenotypes geographic distribution of genetic variation

Question 16

mutation

Answer 16

very slow and usually disadvantageous

Question 17

migration

Answer 17

individual from another population successfully mates to gene pool