Lecture 12

Question 1

Communication occurs through transmission between?

Answer 1

sender and reciever

Question 2

What is darwins principle of antithesis?

Answer 2

Signals of opposite meanings are opposite. May reduce ambiguity

Question 3

Do signals have to be intentional?

Answer 3

Intentional by sender or intentional by enviorment

Question 4

fast mapping

Answer 4

When given a word process of elimination till new word matches an assumed item

Question 5

two types of natural animal communication?

Answer 5

Honey bees and vervet monkeys

Question 6

Waggle dance

Answer 6

Forager bees wiggle dance to show the location distance of food

Question 7

3 traits of waggle dance by bees

Answer 7

• Symbolic, inflexible, can only be used to explain one thing

Question 8

vervet monkeys have 3 alarm calls, what are they?

Answer 8

Eagle - causes other to run down from tree
Leopard - causes others to run up into trees
Snake - causes others to stand up and look @ ground

Question 9

What are chickens two alarm calls?

Answer 9

Aerial predator

Ground predator

Question 10

What is an audience effect

Answer 10

the audience effect is the tendency for people to perform differently when in the presence of others than when alone

Question 11

Chicken/roosters show audience effect when

Answer 11

there is a close relative around, when there is conspecific

Question 12

Many chimps taught sign language were..?

Answer 12

Raised like human children

Question 13

chimps cannot speak because

Answer 13

their larynx is too close too different

Question 14

best trainer apes learn how many words( sign language)

Answer 14

100-250 ( rarely make utterances of more then one sign

Question 15

children learn thousands of words a year and up to ___ by end of highschool

Answer 15

60,000

Question 16

children

Answer 16

construct complex sentences spontaneously

and imitate other speech

Question 17

human languages are INTENTIONAL meaning

Answer 17

by speaking to you i hope to change your beliefs

Question 18

Human language is REFERENTIAL meaning..?

Answer 18

I can refer to things that are not present and have representation of then activate in your mind

Question 19

Human languages are syntactic meaning

Answer 19

i can use syntax to build an infinite number of sentences from a limited number of words

Question 20

human languages are recursive meaning

Answer 20

Syntax differentiates correct from incorrect sentences, it imposes limitation

Question 21

Chomsky suggested that syntax is

Answer 21

is separable from content, and can be studied separately

i.e. “colourless green ideas sleep furiously”

Question 22

we have an innate universal grammar (Chomsky suggested ) what does this mean?

Answer 22

this enables us to learn languages without explicit training and at great speed
Thus, language is seen as discontinuous between humans and other animals

Question 23

human language is infinitely recursive for example..

Answer 23

know that John went to the store–Anne knows that I know that John went to the store–You know that Anne knows that I know that John went to the stor

Question 24

what is the key to syntax and thus to language?

Answer 24

recursion

Question 25

When foraging animals need to ..

Answer 25

• learn/identify which locations are better
• choose those locations specifically
• keep an eye on those areas in case shit changes

Question 26

Fundamental challenge

Answer 26

When to explore(when uncertain) and when to exploit (when Certain)

Question 27

Multi-armed bandits

Answer 27

the best possible payout can change across time animal must choose to place between many options. (explore/exploit problem)