Lecture 12 Flashcards
Communication occurs through transmission between?
sender and reciever
What is darwins principle of antithesis?
Signals of opposite meanings are opposite. May reduce ambiguity
Do signals have to be intentional?
Intentional by sender or intentional by enviorment
fast mapping
When given a word process of elimination till new word matches an assumed item
two types of natural animal communication?
Honey bees and vervet monkeys
Waggle dance
Forager bees wiggle dance to show the location distance of food
3 traits of waggle dance by bees
- Symbolic, inflexible, can only be used to explain one thing
vervet monkeys have 3 alarm calls, what are they?
Eagle - causes other to run down from tree
Leopard - causes others to run up into trees
Snake - causes others to stand up and look @ ground
What are chickens two alarm calls?
Aerial predator
Ground predator
What is an audience effect
the audience effect is the tendency for people to perform differently when in the presence of others than when alone
Chicken/roosters show audience effect when
there is a close relative around, when there is conspecific
Many chimps taught sign language were..?
Raised like human children
chimps cannot speak because
their larynx is too close too different
best trainer apes learn how many words( sign language)
100-250 ( rarely make utterances of more then one sign
children learn thousands of words a year and up to ___ by end of highschool
60,000
children
construct complex sentences spontaneously
and imitate other speech
human languages are INTENTIONAL meaning
by speaking to you i hope to change your beliefs
Human language is REFERENTIAL meaning..?
I can refer to things that are not present and have representation of then activate in your mind
Human languages are syntactic meaning
i can use syntax to build an infinite number of sentences from a limited number of words
human languages are recursive meaning
Syntax differentiates correct from incorrect sentences, it imposes limitation
Chomsky suggested that syntax is
is separable from content, and can be studied separately
i.e. “colourless green ideas sleep furiously”
we have an innate universal grammar (Chomsky suggested ) what does this mean?
this enables us to learn languages without explicit training and at great speed
Thus, language is seen as discontinuous between humans and other animals
human language is infinitely recursive for example..
know that John went to the store–Anne knows that I know that John went to the store–You know that Anne knows that I know that John went to the stor
what is the key to syntax and thus to language?
recursion
When foraging animals need to ..
- learn/identify which locations are better
- choose those locations specifically
- keep an eye on those areas in case shit changes
Fundamental challenge
When to explore(when uncertain) and when to exploit (when Certain)
Multi-armed bandits
the best possible payout can change across time animal must choose to place between many options. (explore/exploit problem)
