Lecture 12

Question 1

molecular clock

Answer 1

the correlation between the time two species have been evolutionarily separated and the amount of genetic divergence between them

Question 2

molecular evolution

Answer 2

after a geographic separation, generations later many genetic differences have accumulated- divergence genetically

Question 3

pseudogene

Answer 3

a gene that is no longer functional

- all mutations are neutral causing it to have a very fast molecular clock

Question 4

adaptation

Answer 4

a feature produced by natural selection for its current function

Question 5

denisovans

Answer 5

interbred with neanderthals

• body fat distribution and storage of heat- generating fat evolved through natural selection
• some modern genomes contain 5% Denisovan DNA

Question 6

genetic divergence

Answer 6

two or more populations of an ancestral species accumulate independent genetic changes through time

Question 7

divergence time

Answer 7

the time since the most recent common ancestor

Question 8

introgression

Answer 8

the transfer of genetic information from one species to another as a result of hybridization between them and backcrossing