Lecture 12 & 13: Vascular Plants Flashcards
L.12
What plants are considered to be Non Vascular? and what common ancestor do they share?
- Mosses, liverworts, homeports
- they share the common ancestor of green algae
L.12
What plants are considered to be Vascular plants? and what are the 2 groups?
First group is: Nonseed
- Ferns
Second group is: Seed
- Flowering plants
- Conifers
L.12
What are the characteristics of extant vascular plants?
- In Vascular tissue there is…
- Xylem: contains lignin which is a strengthening polymer (non-living) and dead hollow cells which act as water pipes
- Phloem: contains living cells and distributes nutrients such as carbohydrates and organic products
L.12
More about vascular plants:
- What do complex multicellular roots do?
- absorb nutrients and provide anchor
L.12
More about vascular plants:
- what do complex multicellular leaves do?
- they have photosynthetic organs
L.12
What are microphylls and megaphylls?
- Microphylls: are a single strand of vascular tissue and are usually small
- Megaphylls: are branching vascular systems and usually large
L.12
More about vascular plants:
- what are sporophylls?
- They are modified leaves that bear sporangia (spore producing organ)
- so when leaves produce spores they become sporophytes
- sporophytes are dominant in life cycle due to increased size and complexity
L.12
Seedless Vascular Plants:
Phylum Lycophyta contains which type of plants?
- quillworts, club mosses, spike mosses (but not mosses!)
L.12
Seedless Vascular Plants:
Phylum Monilophyta contains which type of plants?
-ferns, horsetails, whisk ferns
L.12
What are the characteristics of Seedless Vascular Plants?
- Sporophyte is the dominant form
- Gametophytes are tiny independent plants on or just below the surface
- SVP (Seedless vascular plants) have a Flagellated sperm meaning it must swim in a film of water to reach eggs
- most common in damp habitats and still need water to reproduce
L.12
Phylum Lycophyta characteristics?
- Microphyllous: small leaves
- Carboniferous period (300 mya)
- thrived in warm, moist swamps
became extinct when climate got colder and drier - small lycophytes survived and represent 1000 species today
L.12
Phylum Monilophyta characteristics?
- True ferns are megaphylls with big branching vascular systems
- most successful of extant seedless vascular plants
- produce clusters of sporangia called sori on undersides of leaves
- spores are carried by wind
L.13
What evolutionary adaptations allowed plants to live and diversify under the drying out of the carboniferous period?
- Seeds (embryo w/ stored food) which split into 2 groups…
1. Gymnosperms (naked seed)
2. Angiosperms (Flowering plants)
L.13
Characteristics of Gymnosperms?
- Seed bearing plants are the dominant producers in most terrestrial ecosystems
- a seed consists of an embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coating
L.13
RECAP
- Non vascular Bryophytes: Gametophyte is Dominant
- Seedless vascular plants: Sporophyte is Dominant, but gametophyte is independent
- Seed plants have sporophyte dominant and gametophyte independent
