Lecture 12

Question 1

Central Dogma

Answer 1

Flow of information in the cell
DNA –(trxn)–> mRNA –(translation)–>protein
info storage info transmission info use

Question 2

Genetic code

Answer 2

Instructions contained in a gene that tell a cell how to make a specific protein–> 3 ntds = 1 codon = encodes 1 amino acid

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

A region of DNA that directs the synthesis of an RNA molecule
Stretches of DNA that contain heredity information

Question 4

Translation

Answer 4

Process in which the genetic code carried by mRNA directs the synthesis of proteins from amino acids
Occurs in cytoplasm

Question 5

Ribosome

Answer 5

Facilitate the specific coupling of tRNA anticodons with mRNA codons during protein synthesis
catalyze peptide bonds
- Large protein complexes with rRNAs associated

Question 6

Start codon

Answer 6

first available AUG after rbs (ribosomal binding site)

Question 7

Codon

Answer 7

3 letter ‘words’ - 3 nucleotides that form a unit of information in DNA or RNA molecule

Question 8

Triplet code

Answer 8

DNA ntds are read as 3 letter words- allows 4 ntds to have 64 possible different 3 letter words (codons)

Question 9

tRNA

Answer 9

Transfer RNAs- the adaptor molecules that mediate the transfer of information from nucleic acid to protein
FXN: Carry the correct amino acid to ribosome

Question 10

Amino-acyl tRNA synthetase

Answer 10

FXN: Pairs the correct amino acid to tRNA based on anticodon sequence

Question 11

P site

Answer 11

“Polymerization” 2nd binding site for tRNA between small and large subunit of ribosome

Question 12

A site

Answer 12

“Approach” 1st binding site for tRNA between small and large subunit of ribosome

Question 13

E site

Answer 13

“Exit” 3rd binding site for tRNA between small and large subunit of ribosome

Question 14

Amino Acid

Answer 14

Molecules that combine to form proteins

Question 15

Transcription

Answer 15

The process where the cells makes an RNA copy of DNA from a template strand. Occurs 5’–> 3’