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Intimate Relationships > Lecture > Flashcards

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Conversation Starters flashcards
1
Q

Levinger’s ABCDE model

A 
Attraction
Buildup
Communication/consolidation 
deterioration and declining
ending
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2
Q

Need to belong

A

eager to form

increase in belongingness faster positive feelings

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3
Q

satiation

A

belonging lower needs

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4
Q

subsitution

A

we replace blocked/terminated social bonds

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5
Q

various points on relationships & well being

A
  1. various forms of relationships are benefical

2. the benefits hold after controlling for other precidtions of health

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6
Q

what is a relationship?

A

two people are in relationship with each other
series of interactions between two individuals known to each other
formals vs personal relationships

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7
Q

characteristics of intimate relationships

A 
knowledge 
caring
interdependence 
mutality 
trust
committment 
responsiveness
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8
Q

Affiliation

A

intigration
information uncertanity
interaction accessibility
proximity

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9
Q

general principles of attraction

A

familiarity
similarity
reciprocity
physical attraction

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10
Q

Voluntary

A

personal properties are responsible for interaction with others

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11
Q

involuntary

A

features of our physical or social environment virtually compel info

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12
Q

types of selective attention

A

Novelty: unexpected events and unfamiliar people are likely to capture your attention
importance: motivational issues, depends on needs and goals at the moment

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13
Q

Voraver and Ratner

A

inaction of self - fear of rejection
inaction of other - lack of interest
signal amplification bias

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14
Q

huston and levinger (1978)

A

two factor model of affiliation
the person contemplating initiating an encounter must consider at least two factors:
1. the degree to which (they) find the attributes of the potential partners attractive
2.the degree to which (they) anticipate the other person would find (their) attributes attractive and hence respond favourably to the initative

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15
Q

other determents of the voluntary affiliation

A
  1. Integration: feigning attraction to another in ode to induce that person to like us
  2. information uncertainty: Lean Festinger (1950) informational social communication
    stanley schacter (1950) high-fear-seek social info
  3. interaction accessibility: field of available - people who are available and accessible for interaction
  4. Physical proximity: not physical distance but also functional distance rooms
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16
Q

General principles of attraction

A
  1. familiarity: mere exposure effect mirror imagine (repeated exposure to some stimulus becomes potentially more attractive to us)
  2. similarity: attraction to people like us
  3. reciprocity of attraction
  4. physical attraction
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17
Q

complementarity

A

attraction to people who are opposite to us

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18
Q

reciprocal liking

A

when you like someone and that person likes you

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19
Q

Caveat

A

reciprocal liking effect can only occur if you like yourself

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20
Q

Self disclosure

A

involved deliberately divulging something private to another person
It occurs when a person knowingly communicates information about themselves to another person which is not generally known and would not otherwise be available to the other person

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21
Q

types of self disclosure

A

descriptive and evaluative

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22
Q

dimensions of self-disclosure

A

breadth and depth

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23
Q

other aspects of self-disclosure

A

privacy regulation, thruthfulness, informative and effectiveness

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24
Q

Depths

A

superfical layers
middle layers
deeper layers
core personality

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25
Q

three ways of measuring self disclosure

A
  1. self reported
  2. rate topics and selection of topics
  3. coding of interactions
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26
Q

functions

A 
expression of feeling 
self clarification
social validation
social control 
relationship development and maintence
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27
Q

Reciprocal reassurance spiral

A
  1. direct expression (verbal)
  2. your actions towards partners
  3. self disclosure
28
Q

Various ways to inform partner

A
  1. direct expression of feelings
  2. your partner monitoring how caring and giving our actions are
  3. self disclosure: people use feelings of
29
Q

Women tend to be the pace setters in a relationship. Why?

A

they take the first risk of expressing their feelings, a risk that they don’t know will be reciporcated

30
Q

What happens if a partner moves to fast?

A
  1. can scare off other- pressure on the other to take even more risk
  2. “doing in” romantic love- anxiety of partner is eliminated
31
Q

Major theoretical views of initmate relationships

A
  1. Social exchange theories: interdependence and equity
  2. evolutionary psychology
  3. attachment
32
Q

Theory

A

is a system of ideas containing some abstract concepts, some rules about the interconnections of the concepts and some ways to linking the concepts to observed facts. It is a set of interrelated hypotheses or propositions concerning a phenomenon or a set of phenomenon

33
Q

A theory consists of

A

a set of basic concepts

a set of interrelated assertions in regarding the relationship between these concepts

34
Q

Social exchange theory: the basics

A

Rewards: maximize our gains and minimize our loses

  1. intrinsic characteristics of the other person
  2. the other person’s rewarding behaviour towards us
  3. the other person making it possible for us to gain access to desired external resources/ status
35
Q

expectations

A

expected outcomes for relationships is called “the comparison level”

36
Q

Independence theory

A

the essence of any relationship is interaction

37
Q

Equity theory

A

occurs when 0/ investments fo person a and b

38
Q

equity fosters

A

relationships becoming more intimate and persistent

39
Q

inequity

A

is distressing promotes efforts to re-establish equity, looks to break up relationships

40
Q

social exchange theory: Application

A
  1. partner selection
  2. frequency of sexual activity
  3. sexual satisfaction
  4. Extradyadic Sexual activity
41
Q

critques

A

assumes rationality, difficulty explaining actions such as alturism/selflessness, personal bias taints perception
limits to dyadic relationships

42
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A 
Darwin (1809-1882)
Basic principles:
- genes eye view: preservation of genes 
-outside awareness
- self interest
-historical, preprogrammed
43
Q

inclusive fitness

A

the likelihood that one’s genetic makeup will be preserved not just in one’s lifetime but in future generations of individuals

44
Q

sexual strategies theory:

A

humans have both short and longterm mating strategies, minimum obligatory parental investment, men more inclined toward short-term strategies than women

45
Q

Short term reproductive challenges

A

Women:
- immediate resources extraction, judge as possible long-term mates, get high quality genes, cultivate back-up mates
Men: partner number, identify sexual accessible women, identify fertile women, minimizing cost, risk and commitment

46
Q

Long-term reproductive challenges

A

Women: identify men willing to invest, physical protection, identify men who will commit, identify men w/ and parenting skills and genes
Men: paternity confidence, assess woman’s reproductive values, identify women w/ parenting skills. get woman with high quality genes

47
Q

Two big assumptions of sexual strategies theory:

A

innate and universal

48
Q

Research support (Buss’s theory & SST)

A
  • desired properties/ characteristics in a mate
  • number of desired sexual partners
  • triggers of conflict
  • jealousy
49
Q

What triggers conflict in relationship?

A

Men: declining to have sex, desiring sex less frequently, requiring more stringent external conditions to be met prior to sex
Women: interesting sexual advances too soon, wanting sex to frequently, persistently, agressive, wanting sex with many partners

50
Q

Praises of SST/ Evolutionary psychology

A

it captures and explains aspects of life some experince it
explains human behaviour from a broader perspective
integrates psychology with life sciences

51
Q

challenges to SST/ Evolutionary psychology

A

it can never be falsified
it doesn’t give enough attention to human agency or socio-cultural factor
it feeds racist and sexist political view
heterocentric

52
Q

What does evolutionary theory suggest?

A

there are anomalies in the system and in nature and will die out

53
Q

Nature of friendship differs

A

wholly voluntary

motivation is social-emotional

54
Q

hays concluded

A

that the word friend meant (enjoyment of each other’s company)

55
Q

definition

A

voluntary interdependence between two person over time, that is intended to facilitate social-emotional goals of the participant and may involve varying types and degrees of companionship, intimacy affection and mutual assistance

56
Q

Study #1: highschool best friendships and transition to college

A

results:

  1. highschool friendships decline (satisfaction, commitment, rewards and investments)
  2. by the end of the 1st year, 50% drop down in rank “close” or “casual” friendships
  3. Increase in negative elements (cost, alternatives to best friendships)
  4. proximity did not influence friendships: more costs if they were in the same town or city
57
Q

Cross-gender friendships

A

tend to the be the same age
appear to be less frequent then same gender friendships
around 3 children are segragated for their activities/social norms prefer same gender partners
doesn’t change till 10-11 spend most time with same gender child
recognize critical role child development/friendships play
men and women become friends for the same reasons

58
Q

why the decline?

A

threatening to partners/relationships
poorly defined roles and scripted behaviour
models of how to act
less support from network members (teased by friends)
potential sexual tension/attraction
62% of heterosexual participants reported sexual tension in cross-gender relationships

59
Q

Can men and women just be friends?

A

Evolutionary psychology perspective: view short-term access to cross-gender friend as more beneficial than men, men want and receive security and protection from cross-gender friends, experience more rivalry with cross-gender than same gender friends

60
Q

Study

A

results: men are more attracted to women friends than vic versa, men are more likely to think the attraction they felt was mutual, women were blind to the romantic interest men felt for them, men overestimated the level of attraction and men underestimated, men are more willingly to act on their mistaken perception of mutual attraction

61
Q

Homophily Study: three objectives

A
  1. is sexual orientation differences in number of friends were generally small
  2. does gender homophily, exist in a lesser degree in GLB women and men?
  3. is there a link between close friendships and life satisfaction?
62
Q

Homophily Study: Results

A
  1. sexual orientation differences were number of friends were generally small
  2. most groups showed some degree of homophile
  3. association between number of friends and life satisfaction were weak, friendship satisfaction strongest predictor of life satisfaction for all group
63
Q

Homophily Study: conclusion

A

sexual orentation differences in # of same-gender and cross-gender friends are generally small or non-existence, satisfaction with friends is equally important life satisfaction of all groups

64
Q

Star

A

resources and satisfaction with resources interaction to impact quality of post dating friendships

65
Q

findings

A

postdating friendship resources you are still satisfied with

Intimate Relationships (1 decks)

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