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Intimate Relationships > Lecture > Flashcards

Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Levinger’s ABCDE model

A 
Attraction
Buildup
Communication/consolidation 
deterioration and declining
ending
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2
Q

Need to belong

A

eager to form

increase in belongingness faster positive feelings

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3
Q

satiation

A

belonging lower needs

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4
Q

subsitution

A

we replace blocked/terminated social bonds

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5
Q

various points on relationships & well being

A
  1. various forms of relationships are benefical

2. the benefits hold after controlling for other precidtions of health

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6
Q

what is a relationship?

A

two people are in relationship with each other
series of interactions between two individuals known to each other
formals vs personal relationships

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7
Q

characteristics of intimate relationships

A 
knowledge 
caring
interdependence 
mutality 
trust
committment 
responsiveness
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8
Q

Affiliation

A

intigration
information uncertanity
interaction accessibility
proximity

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9
Q

general principles of attraction

A

familiarity
similarity
reciprocity
physical attraction

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10
Q

Voluntary

A

personal properties are responsible for interaction with others

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11
Q

involuntary

A

features of our physical or social environment virtually compel info

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12
Q

types of selective attention

A

Novelty: unexpected events and unfamiliar people are likely to capture your attention
importance: motivational issues, depends on needs and goals at the moment

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13
Q

Voraver and Ratner

A

inaction of self - fear of rejection
inaction of other - lack of interest
signal amplification bias

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14
Q

huston and levinger (1978)

A

two factor model of affiliation
the person contemplating initiating an encounter must consider at least two factors:
1. the degree to which (they) find the attributes of the potential partners attractive
2.the degree to which (they) anticipate the other person would find (their) attributes attractive and hence respond favourably to the initative

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15
Q

other determents of the voluntary affiliation

A
  1. Integration: feigning attraction to another in ode to induce that person to like us
  2. information uncertainty: Lean Festinger (1950) informational social communication
    stanley schacter (1950) high-fear-seek social info
  3. interaction accessibility: field of available - people who are available and accessible for interaction
  4. Physical proximity: not physical distance but also functional distance rooms
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16
Q

General principles of attraction

A
  1. familiarity: mere exposure effect mirror imagine (repeated exposure to some stimulus becomes potentially more attractive to us)
  2. similarity: attraction to people like us
  3. reciprocity of attraction
  4. physical attraction
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17
Q

complementarity

A

attraction to people who are opposite to us

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18
Q

reciprocal liking

A

when you like someone and that person likes you

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19
Q

Caveat

A

reciprocal liking effect can only occur if you like yourself

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20
Q

Self disclosure

A

involved deliberately divulging something private to another person
It occurs when a person knowingly communicates information about themselves to another person which is not generally known and would not otherwise be available to the other person

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21
Q

types of self disclosure

A

descriptive and evaluative

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22
Q

dimensions of self-disclosure

A

breadth and depth

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23
Q

other aspects of self-disclosure

A

privacy regulation, thruthfulness, informative and effectiveness

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24
Q

Depths

A

superfical layers
middle layers
deeper layers
core personality

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25
three ways of measuring self disclosure
1. self reported 2. rate topics and selection of topics 3. coding of interactions
26
functions
``` expression of feeling self clarification social validation social control relationship development and maintence ```
27
Reciprocal reassurance spiral
1. direct expression (verbal) 2. your actions towards partners 3. self disclosure
28
Various ways to inform partner
1. direct expression of feelings 2. your partner monitoring how caring and giving our actions are 3. self disclosure: people use feelings of
29
Women tend to be the pace setters in a relationship. Why?
they take the first risk of expressing their feelings, a risk that they don't know will be reciporcated
30
What happens if a partner moves to fast?
1. can scare off other- pressure on the other to take even more risk 2. "doing in" romantic love- anxiety of partner is eliminated
31
Major theoretical views of initmate relationships
1. Social exchange theories: interdependence and equity 2. evolutionary psychology 3. attachment
32
Theory
is a system of ideas containing some abstract concepts, some rules about the interconnections of the concepts and some ways to linking the concepts to observed facts. It is a set of interrelated hypotheses or propositions concerning a phenomenon or a set of phenomenon
33
A theory consists of
a set of basic concepts | a set of interrelated assertions in regarding the relationship between these concepts
34
Social exchange theory: the basics
Rewards: maximize our gains and minimize our loses 1. intrinsic characteristics of the other person 2. the other person's rewarding behaviour towards us 3. the other person making it possible for us to gain access to desired external resources/ status
35
expectations
expected outcomes for relationships is called "the comparison level"
36
Independence theory
the essence of any relationship is interaction
37
Equity theory
occurs when 0/ investments fo person a and b
38
equity fosters
relationships becoming more intimate and persistent
39
inequity
is distressing promotes efforts to re-establish equity, looks to break up relationships
40
social exchange theory: Application
1. partner selection 2. frequency of sexual activity 3. sexual satisfaction 4. Extradyadic Sexual activity
41
critques
assumes rationality, difficulty explaining actions such as alturism/selflessness, personal bias taints perception limits to dyadic relationships
42
Evolutionary Psychology
``` Darwin (1809-1882) Basic principles: - genes eye view: preservation of genes -outside awareness - self interest -historical, preprogrammed ```
43
inclusive fitness
the likelihood that one's genetic makeup will be preserved not just in one's lifetime but in future generations of individuals
44
sexual strategies theory:
humans have both short and longterm mating strategies, minimum obligatory parental investment, men more inclined toward short-term strategies than women
45
Short term reproductive challenges
Women: - immediate resources extraction, judge as possible long-term mates, get high quality genes, cultivate back-up mates Men: partner number, identify sexual accessible women, identify fertile women, minimizing cost, risk and commitment
46
Long-term reproductive challenges
Women: identify men willing to invest, physical protection, identify men who will commit, identify men w/ and parenting skills and genes Men: paternity confidence, assess woman's reproductive values, identify women w/ parenting skills. get woman with high quality genes
47
Two big assumptions of sexual strategies theory:
innate and universal
48
Research support (Buss's theory & SST)
- desired properties/ characteristics in a mate - number of desired sexual partners - triggers of conflict - jealousy
49
What triggers conflict in relationship?
Men: declining to have sex, desiring sex less frequently, requiring more stringent external conditions to be met prior to sex Women: interesting sexual advances too soon, wanting sex to frequently, persistently, agressive, wanting sex with many partners
50
Praises of SST/ Evolutionary psychology
it captures and explains aspects of life some experince it explains human behaviour from a broader perspective integrates psychology with life sciences
51
challenges to SST/ Evolutionary psychology
it can never be falsified it doesn't give enough attention to human agency or socio-cultural factor it feeds racist and sexist political view heterocentric
52
What does evolutionary theory suggest?
there are anomalies in the system and in nature and will die out
53
Nature of friendship differs
wholly voluntary | motivation is social-emotional
54
hays concluded
that the word friend meant (enjoyment of each other's company)
55
definition
voluntary interdependence between two person over time, that is intended to facilitate social-emotional goals of the participant and may involve varying types and degrees of companionship, intimacy affection and mutual assistance
56
Study #1: highschool best friendships and transition to college
results: 1. highschool friendships decline (satisfaction, commitment, rewards and investments) 2. by the end of the 1st year, 50% drop down in rank "close" or "casual" friendships 3. Increase in negative elements (cost, alternatives to best friendships) 4. proximity did not influence friendships: more costs if they were in the same town or city
57
Cross-gender friendships
tend to the be the same age appear to be less frequent then same gender friendships around 3 children are segragated for their activities/social norms prefer same gender partners doesn't change till 10-11 spend most time with same gender child recognize critical role child development/friendships play men and women become friends for the same reasons
58
why the decline?
threatening to partners/relationships poorly defined roles and scripted behaviour models of how to act less support from network members (teased by friends) potential sexual tension/attraction 62% of heterosexual participants reported sexual tension in cross-gender relationships
59
Can men and women just be friends?
Evolutionary psychology perspective: view short-term access to cross-gender friend as more beneficial than men, men want and receive security and protection from cross-gender friends, experience more rivalry with cross-gender than same gender friends
60
Study
results: men are more attracted to women friends than vic versa, men are more likely to think the attraction they felt was mutual, women were blind to the romantic interest men felt for them, men overestimated the level of attraction and men underestimated, men are more willingly to act on their mistaken perception of mutual attraction
61
Homophily Study: three objectives
1. is sexual orientation differences in number of friends were generally small 2. does gender homophily, exist in a lesser degree in GLB women and men? 3. is there a link between close friendships and life satisfaction?
62
Homophily Study: Results
1. sexual orientation differences were number of friends were generally small 2. most groups showed some degree of homophile 3. association between number of friends and life satisfaction were weak, friendship satisfaction strongest predictor of life satisfaction for all group
63
Homophily Study: conclusion
sexual orentation differences in # of same-gender and cross-gender friends are generally small or non-existence, satisfaction with friends is equally important life satisfaction of all groups
64
Star
resources and satisfaction with resources interaction to impact quality of post dating friendships
65
findings
postdating friendship resources you are still satisfied with

Intimate Relationships (1 decks)

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