Lecture 11 Virtual Machines and Computers Flashcards
Define hypervisor
the virtualization software component that creates and monitors the virtual hardware environment, which allows multiple VMs to share physical hardware resources. On a host computer, it acts somewhat like an OS kernel, but instead of scheduling processes for access to the CPU and other devices, it schedules VMs. It’s sometimes called the “virtual machine monitor (VMM).” There are two types of hypervisors:
Single Tenant definition:
Traditionally all software (and OS) are installed on one physical hardware.
These software run native on this single hardware and is called single tenant.
This is the way most PCs run.
Technology growth has led to advancement in computing – Core i9, 64GB+
RAM, 8 TB+ HDD/SSD.
These would be underutilized by the single tenant system.
Lots of idle time for CPU and other resources.
Multi tenant
Multi tenancy allows multiple systems run on a single hardware.
It ensures efficient utilization of the resources and reduces idle time.
It can be achieved using Virtualization and/or Containerization
Multi Tenancy - Virtualization
Software instance of a physical system is called a virtual machine (vm)
Virtualization allows many instances of a system (vm) to run on a physical
hardware.
Hypervisor manages the vms.
Examples: VirtualBox, VMWare Player, Hyper-V, Xen
Virtualization
Creating a software replica of a hardware.
Creating a computer that runs on another computer.
A virtual machine or VM is an instance of a physical machine (PM) represented in software.
In Cloud Computing, users are usually allocated VMs.
It allows sharing of a PM between multiple users.
It allows the Cloud provider utilize hardware efficiently, save energy and reduce cost.
Multi Tenancy - Containerization
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Containers are a form of “mini vms” in that they are not full-blown systems but a specialized system for a specific application.
By using containers, the developer can be certain that the application would run properly and as expected 100% of the time.
Multi Tenancy - Containerization examples
Examples:
* Docker
* Linux Containers (LXC)
* Kubernetes*
Characteristics of containers, seperate from VMs
OS level virtualization.
* Containers share the OS kernel,
binaries and libraries.
* Containers are light (MBs in size).
* Faster to spin up
* Using containers, apps can be
broken into multiple units/
services hence, not monolithic
Characteristics of VMs, seperate from containers
Separate computers running on same physical machine.
* Each VM has its own OS and
applications.
* VMs are large (GBs in size)
* Hypervisor manages VMs.
* VMs are monolithic.
Docker
- A software platform for packaging applications into containers.
- Provides commands for building / testing / deploying apps.
- Creation of containers from Docker Images.
- The servers that host containers must have Docker Daemon installed.
Kubernetes
Container orchestration software
* Handles container:
* Provisioning
* Scaling
* Networking
* Cluster
* Load distribution
* Is open-source
Define: Internet of Things
Everyday objects embedded with sensors and actuators
and connected a network (wired and wireless).
These objects can then be accessed through the Internet
and are called connected or smart objects.
3 main things to remember about IoT
Sensors, actuators, means to connect to the internet
IoT Enabling Technologies: Near Field Communication (NFC):
Allows two device communicate with a 3-5cm range
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IoT Enabling Technologies: IPv6
for unique object addressing
