Lecture 11: Sleep Flashcards
Q: What are some primary functions of sleep?
A: Restoration, memory consolidation, emotional regulation, energy conservation, and brain function.
Q: What influences the duration and timing of sleep?
A: Genetics, age, environmental factors, and medical conditions.
Q: What is the circadian rhythm?
A: A 24-hour internal body clock that regulates sleep-wake cycles.
Q: What factors cause variations in circadian cycles?
A: Genetics, age, environment, and medical conditions.
Q: What are common chronotypes?
A: Morning larks, hummingbirds, and night owls.
Q: How does sleep timing change through life stages?
A:
- Children are early chronotypes.
- Chronotypes shift later during puberty, peaking around age 20.
- Shifts back earlier with age.
Q: How does sex influence sleep timing?
A: Females reach maximum lateness around 19.5 years, males around 21. Differences disappear around age 50.
Q: What are some common sleep disorders?
A:
- Jetlag: Disrupted sleep due to crossing time zones.
- Shift Work Disorder: Overlaps with typical sleep times, causing insomnia and health issues.
- Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder: Difficulty falling asleep and waking up on time.
- Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Disorder: Inability to stay on a 24-hour rhythm.
- Irregular Sleep-Wake Rhythm Disorder: Insomnia at night, excessive daytime sleepiness.
Q: What is circadian misalignment, and its consequences?
A: A mismatch between sleep patterns and the desired schedule, leading to psychiatric disorders, dementia, and cancer risks.
Q: How does sleep impact memory?
A: Sleep supports memory consolidation by integrating new information into long-term memory networks.
Q: What role does sleep play in brain detoxification?
A: The glymphatic system becomes active during sleep, removing toxins like beta-amyloid linked to Alzheimer’s disease.
Q: How does sleep benefit cognition?
A: Improves attention, problem-solving, creativity, and decision-making.
Q: What did the study on problem-solving and sleep reveal?
A: Sleep improves performance on difficult problems, but not on easy ones.
Q: What were the findings of the false memory study?
A: Sleep increased false memories in low performers but had no significant effect on high performers.
Q: What are short-term effects of sleep deprivation?
A: Increased hunger hormones, mood regulation issues, and reduced cognitive function.
