Lecture 11: Participatory research

Question 1

Ethnography

Answer 1

research approach to understand different cultures

Question 2

Characteristics ethnography

Answer 2

• understand cultural phenomenon of cultural groups within own environment
• study from perspective of society
• gain understanding of what is happening

Question 3

Two perspectives in ethnography

Answer 3

• emic perspective
• etic perspective

Question 4

Emic perspective

Answer 4

How members of a given culture perceive their world (folk or inside)

Question 5

Etic perspective

Answer 5

How non-members of a group interpret behavior of a given culture (analytic or outside)

Question 6

Steps data gathering ethnography

Answer 6

Selecting field > gaining acces > gaining informed consent > data collection > getting out

Question 7

Selecting field

Answer 7

Sometimes no pre-defined research problem at starts
New problems arise
Needing of add sites for study

Question 8

Gaining acces

Answer 8

Relies on gatekeepers
Trust building and building rapport

Question 9

Informed consent

Answer 9

Should be in local language

Question 10

Data collection

Answer 10

Become invisible
Methods: interviews, observation, document analysis

Question 11

Types of observation

Answer 11

Participant observation
non-participant observation
overt observation
covert observation

Question 12

Participant observation

Answer 12

Do what people are doing, participate in what you observe

Question 13

Non-participant observation

Answer 13

Observe from a distance

Question 14

Overt observation

Answer 14

They know that you’re studying them

Question 15

Covert observation

Answer 15

They don’t know that you’re there

Question 16

Characteristics participatory research

Answer 16

• action and reflection
• in participation
• practical solutions
• flourishing of individual persons and their community
• transforming and changing the world

Question 17

Arguments for participation in research

Answer 17

• normative
• instrumental
• substantive

Question 18

Normative argument

Answer 18

Public has right to be involved in matters that affect them
Power relation shift

Question 19

Instrumental argument

Answer 19

Focusses on outcomes of public engagement > assumption that if you involve the public this can result in better acceptance of outcomes

Question 20

Substantive argument

Answer 20

• Knowledge gained through experiences is unique, highly relevant and complementary to prof knowledge
• Bringing experiences of public can result in more contextualised and need-oriented research
• Increased quality and relevance