Lecture 11: Mechanical Patient Circuits

Question 1

Opposing forces to airway driving pressures?

Answer 1

flow resistance from airways
viscous properties of tissues resisting deformation
inertia of air

Question 2

Draw dynamic PV curves

Answer 2

-

Question 3

Describe Flow, TVol, Paw and Poes for spontaneous and ventilated breaths

Answer 3

-

Question 4

ACV?

Answer 4

ACV gives the patient the option of initiating additional machine breaths when the set rate is insufficient to meet the patient’s rate demand

Question 5

SIMV?

Answer 5

patient’s spontaneous breaths are augmented by a defined number of machine breaths

Question 6

PSV?

Answer 6

requires the patient’s effort before a machine breath is delivered

Question 7

NIPPV?

Answer 7

delivery of positive pressure ventilation via a tight-fitting mask (primarily applied as PSV)

Question 8

CPAP?

Answer 8

extra positive pressure continuously supplied by the ventilator. CPAP is used to raise lung volume above FRC to recruit collapsed and flooded alveoli and so improve gas exchange and keep the glottis open to relieve snoring

Question 9

BiPAP?

Answer 9

expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) and the inspiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP) are individually set.

Question 10

Too high volume risks?

Answer 10

over inflation

Question 11

Too low volume risks?

Answer 11

atelectasis

Question 12

Too high rate risks?

Answer 12

hyperventilation
respiratory alkalosis (gas trapped)

Question 13

Too low rate risks?

Answer 13

inadequate minute ventilation

respiratory acidosis

Question 14

Describe breathing circuits for
closed
semi-closed
semi-open

Answer 14

-

Question 15

Ventilator standard?

Answer 15

ISO 10651.1 Lung Ventilators for Medical Use

Question 16

Non-invasive gas monitors?

Answer 16

Pulse oximeter

End Tidal CO2 Monitor