Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Megan-Anat TT2 > Lecture 11- GI Mouth and Esophagus > Flashcards

Lecture 11- GI Mouth and Esophagus Flashcards

1
Q

What 6 structures are involved in the Alimentary Canal?

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 6 Accessory digestive organs? What is their job?

A

Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas.
They aid in food breakdown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Explain how the digestive system relates to a ‘Disassembly Line’

A

Because it breaks down all the way down to basic molecules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 6 basic processes

A
  1. Ingestion- food into the mouth
  2. Secretion- glands secrete digestive enzymes (10L-daily)
  3. Motility- mixing and propulsions of food
  4. Digestion- breakdown to fundamental components
  5. Absorbtion- blood or lymph vessels
  6. Defecation- waste removal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What kind of digestion takes place at the mouth?

A

Mechanical digestions - physical manipulation (hard/soft plate, Tongue, lips, teeth, cheek)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the Uvula responsible for?

A

Gag reflex by tactile and irritant receptors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the 2 small wholes underneath the tongue? what are they responsible for?

A

Opening of ducts, water and saliva site. (submandibular gland). Responsible for chemical digestion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many teeth do adults have? what are the two Dentitions?

A

32.
Deciduous - baby teeth
Permanent- adult teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 4 types of teeth and what are their jobs?

A

Incisors=cutting
Canines=tearing
Premolars=crushing
Molars=grinding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the Enamel made of and what is its role?

A

Made from calcium salts and protects the tooth from wear and tear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the Dentin made of and what is its role?

A

calcified connective tissue, makes up the majority of the tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the Pulp cavity made of?

A

Contains pulp (connective tissue containing nerves and BVs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the cementum made of and what is its role?

A

bone-like substance that attaches the root to the periodontal ligamer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Root canal made of and what is its role?

A

extension of the pulp cavity that contains nerves and BVs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the role of the periodontal ligament?

A

helps anchor tooth to the underlying bone (alveolar bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the Apical foramen

A

opening at the base of a root canal through which blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves enter a tooth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what branches and nerve innervate the teeth

A

CN V Trigeminal –> Maxillary + mandibular branch’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

4 Extrinsic tongue muscles, what nerve, what function

A
  1. Palatoglossus- Vagas nerve- elevation of tongue
  2. Styloglossus- Hypoglossal Nerve- elevation of tongue
  3. Hyoglossus- Hypoglossal Nerve- depression of tongue
  4. Genioglossus- Hypoglossal Nerve- protrusion of tongue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

More muscles of Mastication include…

A

Temporalis, masseter - mandible to maxilla- Trigeminal N
Medical Pterygoid, Lateral Pterygoid- mandible lateral movement- Trigeminal N

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How can saliva act in mechanical digestion?

A

It acts as a lubricant to move food. It must mix with liquid to break down bolus for swallowing

21
Q

What are the 3 chemical digestion glands and their 3 ducts

A
  1. Parotid gland - parotid duct
  2. Submandibular Gland - Submandibular duct
  3. Sublingual gland- lesser sublingual ducts
22
Q

how much saliva do we make a day?

A

1.5 L- 99.5% is water, 0.5% is amylase, lipase, mucin, lysozyme, IgA, bicarbonate

23
Q

What does salivary amylase break down

A

breakdown of carbs and starches (polysaccharides to disaccharides) Deactivated in stomach

24
Q

What does lingual lipase break down

A

triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol. Activated in stomach

25
What is Parotid and Submandibular saliva
serous and watery with amylase
26
What is sublingual saliva
mucous with lipase
27
What does parasympathetic stimulation have to do with saliva? What is an example of a stimulant?
Overproduction of watery enzyme-rich saliva. Sight, smell, sounds, memory or food, motion of tongue
28
What does =sympathetic stimulation have to do with saliva?
Dry mouth
29
How many taste buds do we have? where are they? what are the 5 primary tastes?
10,000 on the papillae. 1. Bitter 2. Savoury 3. Sour 4. Salty 5. Sweet
30
the term "filiform" describes the surface of the _________.
Tongues
31
How does a taste bud work? What kind of Epithelium
food particle causes specialized ion channels to depolarize and provide different tastes Sodium-> salty Hydrogen-> sour - Stratified squamous epithelium
32
Where does taste from the anterior 2/3 of your tongue go to
Facial Nerve
33
where does the posterior 1/3 of tongue taste go to
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
34
Where do taste from the throat and epiglottis go to
Vagas Nerve
35
What is the Trigeminal nerve responsible for in terms of tongue surface
Tactile sensation
36
Socialized receptor cells ___________ when exposed to odorants. Odorant is dissolved in ________ for neutral _______________. Perception of smell is in the ____________ lobe.
depolarize, mucus, transduction, temporal
37
Phase 1 (Oral Phase) of deglutition. What structures are involved?
oral cavity, tongue. bolus moves posterior to oropharynx, voluntary. (Cant breath and swallow at the same time
38
Phase 2 (pharyngeal Phase) Deglutition
deglutition reflex in brainstem initiated by oropharynx Strech. Nasopharynx closes, epiglottis blocks trachea. All or nothing effect
39
Phase 3 (Esophageal phase) deglutition
UES contracts again, peristalsis down to stomach, LES relaxes, eds when LES allows bolus into the stomach
40
What does GERD do?
makes sure food stays in the stomach and no backtracking
41
Layers of the esophagus- mucosa
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
42
Layers of the esophagus- submucosa
nerves, vessels, lymph
43
Layers of the esophagus- muscularis
peristalsis
44
Layers of the esophagus- adventitia
connective tissue anchor
45
what is the 3 layers of mucosa
1. epithelium - protection or secretion 2. lamina propria - connective tissue 3. Muscularis mucosa - increase surface area
46
what is the Submucosa made of
connective tissue, vessels, nerves, lymphatics
47
What are the layers of the muscularis?
- inner circular - pinch - outer longitudinal - shrink - mouth, UES, to middle esophagus and external anal sphincter = skeletal = voluntary the rest (LES) = smooth= involuntary
48
What is the Serosa layer made of
connective tissue called adventitia in esophagus, visceral peritoneum on organs in the abdominal cavity

Megan-Anat TT2 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions