Lecture #11- Disorders

Question 1

Encephalitis

Answer 1

• General term for infection and inflammation of the brain.

Question 2

Bacterial Encephalitis

Answer 2

• Results in brain abscesses or meningitis.

Question 3

Viral Encephalitis (with/without CNS)

Answer 3

With CNS:
- eg Rabies
Without CNS:
- Mumps or Herpes

Question 4

Brain Tumor - Neoplasm

Answer 4

• Abnormal cell growth that is independent and uncoordinated with normal body tissues.

Question 5

Primary Brain Tumors

Answer 5

• Originate from tissue within the brain

Question 6

Metastatic Brain Tumors

Answer 6

• Originate in other parts of the body and spread to the brain.

Question 7

Stroke

Answer 7

• A cerebrovascular disorder characterized by the sudden interruption of blood supply to the brain, resulting from either a blockage or bleeding in a blood vessel.

Question 8

Hemorrhagic Stroke:

Answer 8

• bleeding within or around the brain

Question 9

Ischemic Stroke

Answer 9

• Blockage in blood flow

Question 10

Infarct

Answer 10

• Area of dead or dying brain tissue due to lack of oxygen and nutrients.

Question 11

Penumbra

Answer 11

• Dysfunctional tissue surrounding the infarct.

Question 12

Thrombus

Answer 12

• Stationary plug blocks blood flow at the site of formation

Question 13

Embolism

Answer 13

• A plug breaks free from its original site and lodges in a smaller blood vessel.

Question 14

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 14

• Hardening and thickening of arterial walls due to fatty deposits narrowing the vessel lumen, potentially leading to complete occlusion.

Question 15

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Answer 15

• caused by direct impacts to the head or indirect effects.

Question 16

Types Of TBI - Closed Head Injuries (Contusion)

Answer 16

• bleeding occurs without external laceration, may result in a hematoma.

Question 17

Types Of TBI - Concussion

Answer 17

• A blow to the head causes a temporary disruption of consciousness.

Question 18

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE):

Answer 18

• A progressive condition resulting from repeated concussions.

Question 19

Epilepsy

Answer 19

• Is characterized by the recurrent spontaneous seizures, caused by the synchronous firing of neurons.

Question 20

Focal (Partial) Seizures

Answer 20

• involves specific areas of the brain causing localized symptoms.

Question 21

Simple Partial Seizure

Answer 21

• symptoms are primarily sensory or motor.

Question 22

Complex Partial Seizure

Answer 22

• Originate often in the temporal lobes.

Question 23

Generalized Seizure

Answer 23

• Involves the whole brain, may begin as focal discharges that spread to all regions.

Question 24

Tonic Clonic Seizure

Answer 24

• convulsions occur with tons (muscle rigidity) and clonus (rhythmic jerking movements)

Question 25

Absence Seizures

Answer 25

• Disruption of consciousness without convulsions (ex; vacant stare)

Question 26

Parkinsons Disease

Answer 26

• Is a movement disorder affecting approximately 1% of individuals over 55 with a higher prevalence in males.

Question 27

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)

Answer 27

• DBS is a form of neurosurgery involving the implantation of electrodes into specific brain regions to deliver low voltage electrical stimulation.

Question 28

Multiple Sclerosis (MS):

Answer 28

• A chronic, progressive, and autoimmune disease characterized by the loss of myelin in the central nervous system.

Question 29

Dementia

Answer 29

• loss of memory and other cognitive abilities, impairments in social and occupational functioning.