Lecture 11 + chapter 10 / 11 Flashcards
criticisms from within psychology
- critical psychology
- humanistic psychology
- feminist psychology
-postcolonial psychology
critical psychology
this movement believes in idealism, psych = social constructions, and psychologists should be aware of the fact that their theories affects reality
humanistic psychology
it should be concerned with people
feminist psychology
aimed at understanding women
postcolonial psychology
addressing issues of racism
hermeneutic approach
theory of interpretation. psychologists interprets and understand persons on bases of their personal and socio-cultural history
Dilthey
The human mind should be understood, not explained.( geisteswissenshaften) He distinguished two sciences:
- natural science: observations and explanations
- mental science: aimed at understanding individual person
four main elements of dilthey
- content based: focus on what mind comprises, not how brain functions
- totality of experience: human experience in its totality
- context: person’s life is embedded in context
- understanding
role of methodology
This is what makes psych a science. such as statistics, induction, confounds
critics of methodology in psych
whoever follows the scientific method is scientific. but is this really true?
methodolatry
people become fixated on methodology that they prioritize it over critical thinking, theories etc
cargo cult science
americans built bases on islands where inheemse volkeren lived. after the war they left. but the inheemse volkeren liked it and acted like the americans so they would come back. they didnt come back. this is the same as doing things that look like science but actually isnt.
scientific attitude according to feyman
scientific thoughts that corresponds to utter honesty. you must not fool yourself. you are the easiest to fool
merton’s core values
- communalism: scientific products belongs to no one
- universalism: claims are judged the same, no matter who makes them
- disinterestedness: no interest in outcome
- skepticism: ideas are criticised and tested
merton’s values nowadays?
- universalism: articles accesible only for people who work or study
- universalism: leaderships/organisations have more power. also women, minors and developing countries are under-represented.
- disinterestedness: fraud is a serious problem. they want succes
- skepticism: in 20th centur: if you dont criticise me i wont you
questionable research practices
- p-hacking
- publication bias
- HARKing: hypothesizing after results are known
funnel plot
graph designed to check publication bias
replication crisis/ crisis of confidence
a group of psychologists decided to replicate 100 studies. many studies could not be replicated.
open science
info is made easily available.
standpoint theory
a place from which humans view the world. different standpoints can co-exist. women and men have for example different standpoints. your standpoint depends on your social identity
hidden methodological principles in psych
- epistemic freezing
- testing myopia
- data fixation
- smallism
- mirrorism
old history
- internalist: focus on details within a discipline, not the context
- presentist: relating everything to present, rather then thinking what it must have been in that time
new history
- more critical
- more inclusive, beyond famous men
- written by historins, not psych
looping effect
ian hacking. definition of autism. some could relate some not. definition became more elaborate. looping effect.
foucalt: mental illness
its a way to exercise power and outcast people. diseases have been invented to control people
