lecture 11 Flashcards
zooids
colonial invertebrates with different organisms with a different roles that comprise a super - organism
they are physiologically integrated and can be separated but cannot live on their own
ex: coral
eusocial animals and their major characteristics
highly social animals
- cooperative care of young
- non-fertile supports fertile members
- 2 or more generations overlapping in the same colony
haplodiploity + honeybees
creates a predisposition for cooperative social behavior
only females are fertilized (diploid)
honeybees are sisters closely related
diploid sexes
both sexes have 2 copies of chromosomes and both develop from fertilized eggs
both sexes are fertile
naked mole rats and their history
they have large underground colonies
rest of females are sterile through suppression using pheromones in the urine
cooperative care of young
non-fertile members support fertile members
queen has several overlapping generations
queens “shove” males
conventional parasitism
parasite exploits food resources, parasite feeds on host’s tissue or blood, parasite often specializes on one host, may or may not kill the host, and they are usually smaller than the host
ex: leeches, ticks, tapeworms
parasitoidism
when an animal lays its eggs in a host and the eggs hatch out and the larvae consumes the host
ex: wasps and hornworm
kleptoparasitism
when an animal steals from another
can be things such as nesting material, nest ornaments, and food
ex: satin bower bird stealing blue ornaments
social parasitism
parasite gets its host to raise its young which can be a specialist or a generalist
ex: yellow warbler and cowbird
symbiotic relationship
commensalism and mutualism
commensalism
one animal benefits (food, shelter) while the situation is benign for the other animal
ex: crustaceans carry poisonous mollusk on its back
mutualism
both individuals benefit
ex: bats drink nectar and pollinate the flowers
