Lecture 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four groups of states in the Middle East? What binds (almost) all of them together?

A
  1. High income oil exporters
  2. Middle/Low income Oil exporters
  3. Diversified Exporters
  4. Low-income, significantly agricultural

They were all once occupied by the Ottoman Empire

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2
Q

What are some broad trends since 2011 in the middle east region?

Name four

A
  1. A number of countries have become ungovernable
  2. A Sunni-Shia rift has spread in the region
  3. Regimes cannot agree on how to deal with Islamist movements
  4. Authoritarian regimes have reconsolidated power
  5. US legiticamcy with regional allies have decreased
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3
Q

What are three possible roots of conflict in the Middle East?

A
  1. The outside world
  2. Regional Powers
  3. Oppression
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4
Q

How is conflict in the middle east blamed on the outside world?

A

Western States have long occupied and divided the Middle East. In 2011 the US again threw air strikes agains targets in Libya. Russia has re-entered the Middle East again.

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5
Q

What are the three perspectives of US intervention in the Middle East?

A
  1. Not intervening enough, thus leaving a void for Russia, Iran and jihadist groups
  2. Has caused uncontrollable negative effects
  3. The US provided security to many states in the Middle East
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6
Q

What is meant when regional powers are blamed for instability in the Middle East?

A
  • Iraq’s leader started an war he could not win
  • Marocco tried to overtake Western Wahara
  • Iranian militarism
  • Saudi-Arabia’s rivarly with Iran & the Muslim Brotherhood
  • Israel (often seen by neighbours as a threat, though not seen as that in the West)
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7
Q

What is meant when blaming oppression for instability in the Middle-East?

A

Many in the Middle East are oppressed thus giving the following explanations for the radicalism
* Many have been exposed to a more fundamentalist interpretation of Islam in a oil-rich state
* Gulf regimes have funded madrasas, that have taught chauvinistic forms of Islam
* Globalization empowers not just liberal ideas but also their opposite
* Repression causes radicalization

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